On April 30, the US Department of Commerce initially ruled that China’s export of hardwood and decorative plywood to the United States would impose anti-dumping duties on more than 100 Chinese companies. This was questioned by the American Hardwood and Plywood Alliance because of excessive Taxation is tantamount to killing chickens and taking eggs. In the US market, Chinese hardwood and plywood occupy a special position, and Chinese products make up for a major gap in the US domestic industry. This ruling will greatly damage small and medium-sized enterprises that rely on Chinese-made plywood for kitchen and bathroom decoration, furniture, flooring and shipbuilding, which will seriously reduce employment opportunities in the United States.
US preliminary ruling of Chinese hardwood and plywood
On September 27 last year, the American Hardwood Plywood Fair Trade Federation filed a complaint with the US Department of Commerce. The federation consists of six companies located in North Carolina, New York, and Oregon. The federation believes that the dumping margins of hardwood and decorative plywood exported from China to the United States ranged from 298.36% to 321.68%, and the subsidy range exceeded the allowable range of 2%.
On October 18 last year, the US Department of Commerce launched an anti-dumping and countervailing investigation against such products.
According to the latest trade law enforcement regulations of the US Department of Commerce, starting from November 2, 2011, importers of products involved must pay a cash deposit to the customs after the preliminary results are announced and before the countervailing duty order is issued. However, if the final ruling can overturn this conclusion, the deposit will be returned to the relevant company.
On February 27, 2012, the US Department of Commerce announced the preliminary ruling that the hardwood and decorative plywood exported by China to the United States was subsidized by the Chinese government, with a subsidy range of 0.22% to 27.16%.
On April 30, the US Department of Commerce announced the preliminary ruling, the dumping margin of Chinese enterprises was between 0.62% and 63.96%. In this regard, the Ministry of Commerce intends to impose a 22.14% anti-dumping duty on 101 Chinese companies that export such products to the United States. It also imposes an anti-dumping duty of up to 63.96% on other Chinese producers and exporters. Two other Chinese companies were found guilty of dumping, but they were below the standards of the US Department of Commerce and were therefore spared.
According to the US procedures, the US Department of Commerce will also make a final ruling before the formal imposition of anti-dumping duties. In addition, another federal agency, the US International Trade Commission, will be required to make a ruling. According to the current schedule, the Ministry of Commerce will make a final ruling in July, and the final ruling of the International Trade Commission will be announced in August.
Initial ruling was questioned by the US industry
1. Damage to US SMEs that rely on Chinese-made plywood
The U.S. Department of Commerce’s statement came out with opposition from the American Hardwood and Plywood Alliance, which stated in its written statement that the ruling would have a significant impact on the US building materials market, greatly damaging those relying on Chinese-made plywood. SMEs for kitchen and bathroom renovation, furniture, flooring and boat manufacturing. Wilkinson, co-chairman of the American Hardwood and Plywood Alliance, said that unfair tariffs for trade protection would harm the US market and warned that the only free trade between the US and China could only be US job exports. Going to China.
2. A major gap in the domestic industry in the United States
The US Hardwood and Plywood Alliance website points out that in the US market, Chinese hardwood and plywood occupy a special position, because in recent years, Chinese products have made up for a major gap in the US domestic industry. According to data from the US Department of Commerce, the value of hardwood and decorative plywood imported from China in 2011 was nearly $750 million.
3. Or affect 8 jobs directly related to it
The US Retail Federation data shows that the import of hardwood and plywood products from China has provided many employment opportunities for the United States, and each of the jobs directly related to this import business has also produced eight related jobs. Therefore, the American Hardwood and Plywood Alliance appealed to relevant companies to appeal to the US Department of Commerce and members of their respective constituencies to strive for a reasonable tax rate in the final ruling, because excessive taxation is tantamount to killing chickens and taking eggs.
With the continuous development of drilling production, the use conditions of drilling rigs have become more and more diversified, and various types of drilling rigs have appeared accordingly. Factors affecting the type and composition of drilling rigs include drilling method, drilling depth, borehole size and drilling tool size, and drilling area conditions (such as electricity or fuel, transportation, and meteorological conditions).
1. According to drilling method
(1) Impact drilling rigs, such as wire rope impact drilling rigs (drilling rigs), vibration drilling rigs, etc.
(2) Rotary drilling rigs, such as those used in rotary drilling.
(3) Downhole power drilling tools, such as rotary drilling tools, turbo drilling tools, screw drilling tools, electric drilling tools, etc.
2. Divided by drilling depth
(1) Ultra-deep well drilling rig. It adopts a drilling rig with a diameter of 114 mm drill pipe, a nominal drilling depth range of more than 7000 meters, and a maximum hook load of more than 4,500 kN.
(2) Deep well drilling rig. The drill rod is 114 mm in diameter, the nominal drilling depth is 4000-7000 meters or more, and the maximum hook load is 2250-4500 kN or more.
(3) Drilling rigs for medium and deep wells. It adopts a drilling rig with a diameter of 114 mm drill pipe, a nominal drilling depth range of 1500-4000 meters or more, and a maximum hook load of 900-2250 kN or more.
Three, according to power equipment
(1) Diesel Engine-driven drilling rigs, which use diesel engines as power through mechanical transmission or hydraulic transmission.
(2) AC driven drilling rig, suitable for use in oil fields with industrial power grids.
(3) The drilling rig is driven by direct current, and the working unit is driven by a direct current motor.
Fourth, according to the driving mode
(1) Drive alone. Each working machine is driven by generators of different sizes, which are mostly used for electric drive. The transmission is simple and easy to install, but the power utilization rate is low and the total equipment mass is large.
(2) Unified drive. The three working units of drawworks, drilling Pump and turntable are driven by the same power unit. Most drilling rigs use this scheme. The unified drive can also include only one drilling pump, and the other drilling pump is driven separately. The unified drive drilling rig has high power utilization and can be adjusted mutually when the engine fails, but the transmission is complicated, installation and adjustment are troublesome, and the transmission efficiency is low.
(3) Group drive. The combination of power is between individual drive and unified drive. There are two options for three working machines. The power utilization rate of this kind of drilling rig is higher than that of a single drive, and the transmission ratio is simple to drive in a unified manner. Two sets of working machines can also be installed on different heights and scattered sites.
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