Order No. 69 of the State Administration of Work Safety, "Five Provisions on Limited Space Safety Operations"1 The operation approval system must be strictly implemented, and it is strictly forbidden to enter the limited space without authorization.Yunnan 1·14 large poisoning accidentTypical accident: At 21:20 on January 14th, the deputy director of the manufacturing workshop of Yunnan Honghe Jinlu Sugar Co., Ltd. arranged five workers to clean the syrup boxes No. 7 and No. 8 on the fifth floor. At 21:46, a worker entered the No. 7 syrup box and fainted when he bent down to prepare for work. The on-site personnel found that they used the walkie-talkie to call, and 11 workers nearby rescued them, eventually resulting in 4 deaths and 2 moderates. Poisoning, 6 people with mild poisoning.Lesson analysis: The enterprise did not perform the operation approval system when conducting limited space operations. The restricted space risk identification was not carried out in advance, and targeted preventive measures were not taken for the risks, resulting in accidents and blind rescues leading to increased casualties.Safety production common sense:Enterprises should implement an operation approval system for restricted space operations, and securely confirm the conditions of restricted space operations one by one.Before implementing the restricted space operation, the enterprise shall conduct risk identification, analyze the dangerous and harmful factors, propose measures to eliminate and control the hazards, and formulate a limited space operation plan, and approve it by the person in charge of the enterprise.Constrained space operations should strictly abide by the principle of “first ventilation, re-detection, and post-operationâ€.Restricted space operations are high-risk operations. Enterprises must be equipped with relevant testing, ventilation, and protection equipment in accordance with relevant regulations, and set up safety warning signs in confined space to ensure safe operation.2 It is necessary to “first ventilate, re-test, and post-workâ€, and it is strictly forbidden to ventilate and test unqualified operations.Jiangsu 10•19 poisoning accidentTypical accident: At around 14:40 on October 19, employees of the Soap Group methanol plant in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, suffered a carbon monoxide poisoning accident during the cleaning operation in the vacuum black water cooling separation tank of the gas chemical section, resulting in the death of three workers. .Lesson analysis: The accident equipment was not completely effectively isolated, and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide were inhaled, causing three people to die of poisoning.
Safety production common sense:Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas. People exposed to high concentrations for a short period of time can cause death and mix with air and easily explode. The explosion limit is 12.5%-74.2%.Before entering the confined space of chemical equipment, it is necessary to completely and effectively isolate and confine the confined space, not only to quantitatively detect the oxygen content in the confined space, but also to quantitatively analyze the content of toxic and harmful gases and the content of combustible gas. After passing the test, it is possible to carry out the work.3 Must be equipped with personal protective equipment such as anti-poisoning and suffocation, set safety warning signs, and no protective precautions are strictly prohibited.Hubei 10•14 asphyxia accidentTypical accident: At about 16:50 on October 14, a nitrogen suffocation accident occurred in Lushui County Lantian United Gas Co., Ltd., Huanggang City, Hubei Province, killing three people.Lesson analysis: The design of the device is unreasonable, and the excess nitrogen discharge pipe is connected to the pit, which has a high safety risk. The confined space management is absent, and the maintenance worker suffocates when opening the pit cover to take water. Improper on-site emergency disposal, blind rescue, leading to an accident.
Safety production common sense:People inhaling high concentrations of nitrogen can cause hypoxia and suffocation, rapid coma, death due to breathing and heartbeat.Chemical (hazardous chemicals) enterprises are strictly forbidden to carry out operations such as moving fire, entering confined spaces, high places, hoisting, temporary electricity use, earth moving, inspection and maintenance, and blind plate pumping without approval.4 Safety training must be carried out for the operators, and it is strictly forbidden to go through the work of unqualified education and training.Hainan 3•18 large poisoning accidentTypical accident: On March 18, Weilin Rubber Company of Zhangzhou City, Hainan Province organized the cleaning of the rubber wastewater pool. One employee suddenly fainted while working in the wastewater pool. The other two employees and the director who heard the news came. After the pool rescued people, eventually leading to three people died of poisoning.Lesson analysis: The enterprise has a misunderstanding of the confined space. It believes that the open pool does not belong to a limited space, and it does not lead to personnel poisoning. The company did not provide safety training for employees in restricted space operations. The employees did not have the safety awareness of restricted space operations, did not know the risk of poisoning and suffocation in the confined space, and did not take any measures such as ventilation, detection and protection to blindly enter the confined space. operation.Safety production common sense:Restricted space refers to a closed or partially enclosed, naturally ventilated space. It is easy to accumulate poisonous, flammable and explosive gases, causing poisoning, fire and explosion accidents, or suffocation accidents due to insufficient oxygen content.When working in confined spaces such as wastewater ponds, sewage ponds, fermentation tanks, pickling ponds, shovel wells, trenches, etc., accumulation of hydrogen sulfide toxic gases in the pool/well/ditch or disturbed by work will cause poisoning accidents, even in a few seconds. Internal death.Before employees can work in confined spaces, they must undergo special training to master the requirements for safe operation in confined spaces. Employees have the right to refuse restricted space operations without training and without effective protective measures.5 Emergency measures must be formulated, emergency equipment should be equipped on site, and blind rescue is strictly prohibited.Hunan 8 • 28 poisoning accidentTypical accident: At about 11:00 am on August 28, a resident Zhongxin Zhongxin Paper Co., Ltd. of Changde City, Hunan Province, during the high temperature season to stop production and resume production preparation, a worker was poisoned and fainted in the pool while cleaning the waste in the pulp paper pool. In the middle, the business owner and seven other workers saw poisoning and entered the pool to rescue them, eventually causing 7 deaths and 2 serious injuries.Lesson analysis: The company did not conduct safety training for employees in restricted space safety operations and emergency rescue knowledge. Emergency equipment was not deployed at the job site. After the accident, the site personnel did not take any protective measures to blindly enter the restricted space to rescue, resulting in Rescuers were killed or injured. In most confined space accidents, blind rescues lead to an increase in casualties.Safety production common sense:In the event of an accident in a confined space operation, the relevant personnel at the scene shall immediately report the alarm and prohibit blind rescue. Emergency rescue personnel should do their own protection and wear necessary breathing apparatus and rescue equipment.
Enterprises should formulate emergency plans for confined space accidents, and conduct emergency drills on a regular basis to continuously improve emergency response capabilities and avoid blind accidents leading to the expansion of accidents.
Order No. 84 of the State Administration of Work Safety, Regulations on Fire and Explosion Protection of Oil and Gas Tank Areas1It is forbidden to over-temperature, over-pressure, over-level operation of oil and gas storage tanks and freely change storage medium.This article mainly specifies the requirements for the management of the use of oil and gas storage tanks. The storage medium, storage temperature, pressure and liquid level of oil and gas storage tanks must conform to the design process conditions and process control indicators. If these indicators exceed the control range, they will bring safety risks such as leakage and fire.In the design stage, the tank is designed according to a certain storage medium. The factors considered in the design are limited to the physical and chemical properties of the medium and the storage and transportation process requirements. In order to change the storage medium, the design conditions of the established tank must be considered. Whether the storage requirements of the medium are met and the tank is safely operated. Changing storage media or storage tanks at will may pose a safety hazard and cause an accident.Typical accident case: On March 31, 1984, an explosion occurred in the oil tank of the petrochemical plant in Baoding City, Hebei Province, causing 16 deaths and 6 serious injuries. The main cause of the accident was the illegal input of residual oil (formerly boiler fuel tank). The oil temperature is too high, and a large amount of gas is mixed with the air in the tank to form an explosive gas, which is triggered by a spark.
2It is strictly forbidden for workers to leave the site when manually cutting water, cutting cans, loading and unloading vehicles in the oil and gas tank area.This article mainly stipulates the management requirements for manual water cutting, canning and loading and unloading operations in the storage tank area. Manual water cutting refers to manually opening the water cutting valve to interrupt the water deposited on the bottom of the oil and gas storage tank; cutting the tank means switching the incoming and outgoing materials from one storage tank to another; loading and unloading vehicles means loading the materials in the storage tank The vehicle transports material from the transport vehicle to the storage tank.The operation steps such as water cutting, canning, loading and unloading vehicles shall strictly abide by the safety operation standards, procedures and systems, and shall be carried out under the supervision of the guardian on-site and under full supervision. If the guardian is not in place, it will easily cause oil and gas leakage and cause an accident.Typical accident case: On October 22, 1988, a liquefied gas explosion occurred in the Xiaoliangshan ball tank area of ​​the Shanghai Gaoqiao Petrochemical Company refinery, causing 26 deaths and 15 burns. The main cause of the accident was the operation of the liquefied balloon. When the tank is opened and the water is cut, it is not operated according to the operating procedures, and it is not monitored at the site, so that the liquefied gas is discharged together with the water, and the disposal is not timely, and the liquefied gas is exposed to an open flame. On July 16, 2015, Shandong Shida Technology Petrochemical Co., Ltd. liquefied balloon tank was on fire and explosion accident. When the water cut operation was carried out in the tank area, the operator left the scene, the liquefied gas leaked, and the disposal was not timely.3It is strictly forbidden to close the oil and gas storage tank safety valve shut-off valve and add a blind plate in the pressure relief discharge system.This article mainly specifies the safe operation requirements of safety valves and pressure relief systems. Safety valve shut-off valve refers to the shut-off valve installed before and after it to facilitate the verification or replacement of the safety valve. The pressure relief discharge system refers to a system that can discharge the pressure of the tank quickly, usually referred to as a flare system or a dedicated discharge system. The safety valve shut-off valve is closed or the pressure relief system plus the blind plate will make the pressure of the storage tank in the event of overpressure or emergency, and the storage tank may cause a serious accident such as explosion or fire due to overpressure.Typical accident case: On July 16, 2015, Shandong Shida Technology Petrochemical Co., Ltd. suffered a liquefied balloon fire accident, causing two firefighters to be slightly injured, seven fire engines to be destroyed, some spherical tanks and surrounding facilities and structures to be different. Degree of damage. The direct cause of the accident was that during the tanking operation, after the water in the No. 6 tank was completely cut out, the liquefied petroleum gas leaked and spread from the water cut pipe, and the ignition source burned, causing the liquefied hydrocarbon tank area to catch fire; the spherical tank was closed due to the safety valve. The pressure relief system adds a blind plate, causing an explosion and expanding the consequences of the accident.4It is strictly forbidden to stop the temperature, pressure, liquid level, flammable and toxic gas alarm and interlock system in the oil and gas tank area.This article specifies the management requirements for alarm and interlocking systems for key parameters such as temperature, pressure, liquid level, flammable and toxic gases in the oil and gas tank area. Oil and gas storage tanks shall be equipped with liquid level gauges, thermometers, pressure gauges, flammable (toxic) gas alarms, high liquid level alarms and high liquid level automatic interlocks to cut off feeding measures according to the standards and specifications. The alarm signal shall be sent to The operator is in the control room or operation room, and the alarm should set the sound and light alarm to detect the abnormality and deal with it in time. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the alarm and interlock system are in good condition and in use.Typical accident case: On December 11, 2005, a fire and explosion accident occurred in the Bangsfield oil depot in the United Kingdom. More than 20 large oil storage tanks were burned and 43 people were injured. The direct economic loss was 250 million pounds. The main cause of the accident was the automatic storage tank. The measurement system is out of order, the electronic monitors of some tanks and piping systems, and related alarm equipment are in an abnormal working state.5It is strictly forbidden to carry out gas detection and work permit, and work in the oil and gas tank area to enter the restricted space.This article mainly stipulates the requirements for the management of hot fires and restricted space operations in oil and gas tanks. Before the hot work, it is necessary to analyze and detect the content of flammable gas around the fire point in the oil and gas tank area. Before entering the restricted space, the flammable, toxic gas and oxygen content in the tank should be analyzed. The hot fire and the entry into confined space have always been the frequent incidents. The oil and gas tanks store a lot of materials. In the event of an accident, the consequences are often serious. The management must be strictly examined and approved, and the dangerous and harmful factors that may exist at the job site and during the operation process are identified. The corresponding safety measures shall be formulated and implemented, and relevant personnel shall sign and confirm according to the authority. During the operation, guardians shall be on-site for monitoring. The specific management procedures shall comply with the requirements of the “Special Operation Safety Regulations for Chemical Production Units†(GB30871).Typical accident case: On June 2, 2010, an explosion accident occurred in the triphenyl tank area of ​​PetroChina Dalian Petrochemical, causing four deaths. The direct cause of the accident was the illegal subcontracting contractor’s operation in the tank of the triphenyl tank area. In violation of the rules, the gas cutting operation is carried out, and the flame is used to ignite the inflammable and explosive gas such as toluene leaking, and the tempering to the tank causes the tank to explode. On October 27, 2004, an oil tank explosion accident occurred in PetroChina Daqing Petrochemical, causing 7 deaths. The main cause of the accident was the leakage of explosive mixed gas in the tank from the weld crack, and the open flame or splash melting of the gas cutting pipeline operation. The slag caused an explosion.6It is strictly forbidden to float the bottom of the floating roof tank during operation.This article mainly specifies the requirements for the liquid level of the inner floating roof tank. The bottom of the floating plate means that the floating plate falls on the support leg due to the low liquid level of the storage tank. During normal operation, the float plate will form a gas phase space between the floating plate and the oil surface. When the material flow rate is too fast, the static electricity of the material line pipe is easy to accumulate, which may easily cause a fire explosion accident.Typical accident case: On August 29, 2011, PetroChina Dalian petrochemical diesel tank exploded and fire accident. The main cause of the accident was the low liquid level caused by the oil supply from the accident storage tank, and the gas phase space formed between the floating disk and the diesel oil surface, causing air. At the same time, the operation of the upstream device fluctuates, the light component content of the diesel fuel entering the accident storage tank increases, and an explosive mixed gas is formed under the floating disk; in addition, the flow rate of the oil inlet is too fast, and a large amount of static electricity cannot be exported in time to generate a discharge, causing an explosion. .7It is strictly forbidden to directly add substances of unknown nature or violent reaction to oil and gas storage tanks or pipes connected to storage tanks.This article stipulates the safety management requirements for the use of various additives and additives in the process of oil and gas processing and blending. Before adding and using, it is necessary to understand the physicochemical properties of additives and additives, and conduct risk assessment, formulate corresponding control measures and emergency plans, and use a special dosing system in the operation process to strictly implement the operating procedures.Typical accident case: On July 16, 2010, Dalian PetroChina International Storage and Transportation Co., Ltd. suffered an explosion and fire accident in the oil pipeline of the tank area. The main cause of the accident was that the crude oil tanker had stopped loading the oil pipeline and continued to inject into the oil pipeline. The crude oil desulfurizer of the oxidant reacts violently in the oil pipeline, causing an explosion and causing a fire.8It is strictly forbidden to use non-explosion-proof lighting, electrical facilities, tools and electronic equipment in the oil and gas tank area.This article mainly specifies the requirements for the use of explosion-proof equipment in oil and gas tanks. The medium stored in the oil and gas tank area is generally characterized by inflammable and explosive. The use of non-explosion-proof tools, electrical facilities, communication equipment, etc. in the oil and gas tank area has serious safety hazards and is prone to accidents.Typical accident case: On June 29, 2010, a deflagration accident occurred in the crude oil storage tank of PetroChina Liaoyang Petrochemical, causing five deaths and five injuries. The main cause of the accident was that the hydrocarbon combustibles in the crude oil tank reached the explosion limit during the tank operation. In the event of an electric spark generated by a non-explosion-proof general lighting connected to a crude oil storage tank, a deflagration accident occurred.9It is strictly forbidden to train unqualified personnel and unqualified contractors to enter the oil and gas tank area. Unauthorized motor vehicles and foreign personnel shall not enter the tank area.This article mainly stipulates the training requirements for post operators and the management requirements of contractors and outsiders and motor vehicles. Operators in the oil and gas tank area must be qualified for training and have the ability to work. Contractors entering the tank area have the corresponding qualifications to ensure the safety of the operation. The free entry of outsiders and motor vehicles into the tank area will bring many uncontrollable safety risks.Typical accident case: On October 21, 1993, a tank explosion accident occurred at Sinopec Jinling Petrochemical Refinery, causing two deaths. The main cause of the accident was that the operator violated the operating procedures, causing gasoline leakage and forming an explosive mixture in the air. Mars discharged from the exhaust pipe of the tractor tractor driven by the contractor will explode.10It is strictly forbidden to operate equipment in the oil and gas tank area.This article mainly specifies the management requirements for equipment and facilities in oil and gas tanks. Tanks, pipeline fittings, safety accessories, lightning protection, anti-static, fire emergency and other equipment and facilities in the oil and gas tank area should be regularly maintained and guaranteed to operate in good condition.Typical accident case: On January 7, 2010, an explosion accident occurred in the carbon four-ball tank of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company of PetroChina, causing 6 deaths and 6 injuries. The main cause of the accident was the failure of the elbow of the cracked carbon four-ball tank outlet pipeline and the material leakage. The leaked cracked carbon 4 reaches the explosion limit, and a space explosion occurs in the ignition source, which causes leakage, ignition and explosion of the surrounding storage tank.
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