Many microbial pesticide kind, more than 2,000 have been found, according to the classification of microorganisms can be divided into bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and nematodes. At present, domestic research and development and application of commercial products mainly include bacterial insecticides, fungal insecticides, and viral insecticides.
Bacterial insecticide
Bacterial insecticides are the earliest and most widely used microbial insecticides in domestic research and development. At present, the varieties studied and studied include Bacillus thuringiensis, Penicillium, Bacillus cerevisiae and Bacillus sphaericus, among which Bacillus thuringiensis is the most representative variety.
Bacillus thuringiensis? Bt? Snow is an important insect pathogen that produces spore-forming crystal toxins and has a wide host spectrum of insects. It is a stomach-toxic insecticide. China has now passed nearly 70 Bt manufacturers registered by the national pesticide administrative department, with an annual output of more than 30,000 tons. The product dosage forms are mainly liquid agents and emulsions, as well as wettable powders and suspending agents. A large number of experiments and practical applications have shown that Bacillus thuringiensis has different degrees of toxicity to a variety of agricultural pests, including cotton bollworm, tobacco budworm, silver beetle, Spodoptera litura, beet armyworm, small tiger, rice. The leaf roller, corn borer, diamondback moth and tea caterpillar have good effects on the forest pest pine caterpillar. In addition, it can also be used to control mosquito larvae and stored grain moth pests.
Fungal insecticide
Fungal insecticides are a class of entomopathogenic fungi with a wide range of parasitic spectrum and are a contact microbial insecticide. At present, the main types of research and utilization are: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium, Paecilomyces, Chaetomium and Verticillium.
Beauveria bassiana is the fungal insecticide with the longest research time and the largest application area in China. Since the 1960s, domestic research on the use of Beauveria bassiana to control forest pests of pine caterpillars and agricultural pests of corn borer has been developed. By the 1970s, solid phase culture and liquid-solid two-phase production methods and application techniques have been developed and built successively. The factory produces crude products of Beauveria bassiana, and controls pine caterpillars and corn borers in large areas. To the product dosage form, powders, wettable powders, oils, emulsions and microcapsules have been developed in China. At present, the research and development of Beauveria bassiana focuses on industrial production technology, quality standard system, dosage form and industrialization technology. There are only about 10 Beauveria bassiana production plants in China. The scale of the enterprises is small. The production processes used are mostly solid-phase shallow trays and open-screen culture of window screens. The quality of the products produced is unstable, and most of them fail to reach large-scale production. Self-sale, self-use. There are many hosts for Beauveria bassiana, such as corn borer, pine caterpillar, various scarabs, rice leafhopper, planthopper, mulberry, tea leafhopper, tea caterpillar, soybean borer and aphid, especially for corn borer. And pine caterpillars have been used as a conventional means for years.
Metarhizium anisopliae is a broad-spectrum entomopathogenic bacteria. Its area for controlling pests exceeds that of Beauveria bassiana, and its control effect is comparable to that of Beauveria bassiana. The research and development of Metarhizium in China started late. After years of research and development, it has made great progress in strain selection, production process, dosage form and control objects. At present, the Genetic Research Center of Chongqing University has completed the development of bio-pesticide for the killing of Metarhizium anisopliae, and has achieved important research results, and completed the product registration, and the products produced have been tested in several provinces in China.
In addition to Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium, other fungi have shown good insecticidal potential. Paecilomyces lilacin can effectively control many crop root-knot nematodes such as citrus, lemon and potato, and has good control effect on soybean cyst nematode. Paecilomyces variabilis, Paecilomyces variabilis, and pine white caterpillars have been found to have significant effects. The genus Corydalis can control the locust mites, and the sphagnum sinensis can control aphids, thrips and whitefly.
Viral insecticide
Viral insecticides are a group of insect-based virus groups. Although research and development are later than bacterial insecticides, they have developed rapidly in recent years. The most common applications are nuclear polyhedrosis virus, acupoint NPV, snow, granulosis, acupoint GV, snow and genetically engineered baculovirus. Since the registration of the first insect virus insecticide, the cotton bollworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus, has been registered in 1993, more than a dozen products have been registered, including: cotton bollworm, Spodoptera litura, cabbage caterpillar, yellow land. Tigers and tea rulers, etc., with an annual output of about 2,000 tons.
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