Occupational hazards to be noted in machining operations

The machinery manufacturing industry covers a wide range of industries, including the manufacture of various types of machinery such as transportation tools, machine tools, agricultural machinery, textile machinery, power machinery and precision instruments. There are generally foundry, forging, heat treatment, machining and assembly workshops. The hazards are about the same.

(1) Production dust The main dust operation is casting. In the process of sand preparation, molding, sand falling, sand cleaning, etc., dust can be made to fly. Especially when the sand casting process is used to trim castings, the dust concentration is very high. Quartz is more harmful. In the machining process, grinding and polishing of metal parts can generate metal and mineral dust, causing pneumoconiosis. When welding, the welding flux, the welding rod core and the materials to be welded evaporate at a high temperature to generate a large amount of welding dust and harmful gases. Inhalation of a higher concentration of welding dust over a long period of time can cause the welder to pneumoconiosis.

(2) The high temperature and heat radiation of high-temperature, heat-radiation machinery manufacturing plants are mainly in the casting, forging and heat treatment types. Furnaces, drying furnaces, molten metals, hot castings in the foundry, heating furnaces in the forging and heat treatment plants, and red hot metal parts all generate intense heat radiation, creating a high-temperature environment. Severe heat stroke occurs.

(3) Harmful gas smelting furnace and heating furnace can produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and the concentration at the feed port is often high; formaldehyde and ammonia are generated when phenolic resin is used as a binder; and zinc oxide smoke is generated when the brass is smelted, causing " "Casting heat"; can produce organic solvent vapor when heat treatment, such as benzene, toluene, methanol, etc.; electroplating can produce chromic acid mist, nickel acid mist, sulfuric acid mist and cyanide cyanide; welding can produce carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides; spray paint Can produce benzene, toluene xylene vapor.

(4) In the process of noise, vibration and ultraviolet mechanical manufacturing, sand tamping machines, pneumatic tools, various forging hammers, grinding wheels, rivets, etc. can all generate strong noise; electric welding, gas welding, sub-arc welding and plasma Ultraviolet radiation from welding can cause electro-optic ophthalmia if it is not properly protected.

(5) Heavy physical labor, and injuries, and burns in enterprises with poor mechanization, casting, sand-dropping, and manual forging are all heavy physical tasks. Even if a pneumatic hammer or a hydraulic press is used, the position and direction of the workpiece need to be changed. The intensity of physical labor is high, and at the same time it is required to work under high temperatures, so it is easy to cause body temperature regulation and changes in the cardiovascular system.

Casting and forging have a higher rate of trauma and burns, mostly due to splashing of molten iron, molten steel, iron scrap, and iron slag; more eye and finger injuries occur in the machining shop. In addition, the coolant used in the metal cutting process also has a certain degree of influence on the worker's skin.

China Labor Insurance Network