The world today is in a period of rapid development of advanced manufacturing technology. With the advent of CNC machine tools, modern manufacturing has developed a series of CNC machining technologies, such as machining centers (MC), flexible manufacturing units (FMC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS), and parallel machine tools. Wait. These technologies are closely integrated with high-speed machining technology, cutting tool technology, and cutting processing technology, which greatly reduce the labor intensity in the machining process. The auxiliary time is greatly shortened, the product quality and production efficiency are greatly improved, and they play a huge role in the development of the manufacturing industry and the global economy. The role of promotion. At present, cutting processing accounts for about 90% of the total machining workload. Modern cutting technology is one of the main forces in manufacturing technology. Cutting machining (including grinding) is still the dominant processing method of the machinery manufacturing industry throughout the 21st century. As an important basic process equipment in cutting processing, cutting tool technology plays an important role in the development of modern manufacturing.
1. The Importance of Cutting Tools in Machining In metal machining, metal cutting machine tools and cutting tools are the basic technological equipment for cutting. At present, the cutting machine tools are continuously updated. After high-speed spindles adopt ceramic bearings, hydrostatic bearings, air hydrostatic bearings, and magnetic bearings, the spindle speed can reach 10000-50000/min, and some even reach 150,000 r/min. The feed mechanism using ball screw can reach speed of 40~60m/min, linear motor can reach 90~120m/min, and the processing acceleration of precision CNC machining center can reach 2g (g is the acceleration of gravity). The rapid development of cutting machine tools provides the basic preconditions and technical guarantees for the development of modern manufacturing. However, no matter what kind of metal-cutting machine tools, they must rely on tools that directly contact the workpiece and remove materials from the workpiece. The tool performance and quality directly affect the production efficiency of cutting machine tools and the quality of processing, which directly affects the level of production technology and economic benefits of the entire machinery manufacturing industry.
It is precisely because of this that foreign manufacturing has the notion of “the dividends of enterprises are on the cutting edge.†In Chinese idioms, “If a worker wants to do something good, he must first sharpen his tools,†and “Knife does not mistakenly cut firewood.†The importance of the cutting process is vividly and profoundly described. Such as a 200,000 kilowatt generator rotor shaft, its net weight is 30 tons, and its forging blank 60 to 70 tons, the chip to be removed accounted for more than 50% of the gross weight of the parts, it is hard to imagine how to complete without an efficient tool This kind of processing task. The world's leading experts in cutting and machine tools have evaluated the role of cutting tools as follows: "Improved tooling has the potential to reduce cutting costs more than any other single process. Reasonable selection and application of modern cutting tools is to reduce production. Cost, the key to obtaining major economic benefits.†The United States’s N. Zildatin once said: “The efficiency of a $250,000 NC machine depends largely on a $30 end mill. Performance."
2, the cost of the tool in the analysis of manufacturing With the improvement of modern technology, equipment replacement speed is accelerating, the current replacement rate of up to 10-15 replacement generation. To make a return on equipment investment and create profits in such a short period of time, the potential of the tool must be fully tapped. According to relevant data analysis: tooling costs account for 2.4 to 4% of manufacturing cost, but it directly affects 20% of machine tool costs and 38% of labor costs in manufacturing costs.
There is also an algorithm with a machine tool to tool input ratio of 9:1 to 7:3. As long as the tool is put into place, a 15 to 20% increase in cutting speed and feedrate can reduce manufacturing costs by 10 to 15%. Data analysis of the economics of cutting processing points out that since the tool cost accounts for only 3% to 5% of the part's manufacturing cost, if the purchase price of the tool is reduced by 30%, the company will only save 1% of the part cost; If a better tool is purchased and the tool life is extended by 50%, the company will only save 1% of the part cost; however, if the tool with excellent performance is purchased, the cutting ability will be improved and the processing efficiency will be improved (assuming a 20% increase). , you can save 15% of the cost of parts. So far, this theory has been confirmed by many examples of machining.
There was a comparison of the use of different tools for processing: In 1900, using a carbon tool steel tool, a carbon steel shaft with a diameter of lOOmm and a length of 500mm was processed and it took 100 minutes to complete. Today 100 years later, with carbide-coated or cubic boron nitride tools, machining the same shaft as described above takes only one minute to complete, and the cutting efficiency is increased by a factor of 100. This shows that the potential of tools in improving cutting efficiency is quite large.
3. Current status of China's cutting tool technology Development of numerical control processing technology and equipment has become a strategic decision for governments around the world. Arming modern industries with NC equipment and transforming traditional industries have also become the direction of manufacturing development in countries around the world. After the reform and opening up, the development of China's manufacturing industry has attracted worldwide attention. The total production and technological level of machine tools has entered the world's first square. The import consumption of machine tools has reached the top of the world in recent years. China has entered the ranks of the world's manufacturing powers, but Not yet a manufacturing power. Among them, China's current manufacturing labor productivity is only equivalent to 1/23 of the United States, 1/25 of Japan, and 1/18 of Germany. Compared with advanced industrial countries, there is still a huge gap.
The operating rate of numerically-controlled machine tools in industrialized countries in the two-shift working condition reaches 60-70%, and many domestic enterprises in our country can only reach 20-30%. The reasons for the low utilization rate of CNC machine tools in China are many, except for The most important point is that the technical content of machine tools and cutting tools does not match, and a considerable part of the production enterprises are still widespread. The equipment is not properly equipped, the overall quality of technicians needs to be improved, the working environment of CNC machine tools is poor, and production technology preparation is lagging behind. The use of welding-type tools for CNC machining does not emphasize "door-to-door" and "a good horse with a good saddle", resulting in advanced machines equipped with backward tools, resulting in equipment potential is not fully displayed, resulting in a huge waste. Therefore, it is imperative to renew concepts and widely use advanced tools. When investing in machine tools, it must be equipped with corresponding tools in order to ensure the efficient operation of the equipment, effectively increase productivity, and thus obtain greater profits.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's cutting tool industry has done a lot of work for the development of the machinery manufacturing industry, and has achieved great results. However, with the increase in the cutting speed, the use of difficult-to-cut materials, the popularization of numerical control equipment, and the cutting process Tool requirements are getting higher and higher. Domestic tools have a significant gap with the developed countries in terms of service life, reliability, etc. Both in terms of product variety and performance and quality are far from meeting the needs of China's manufacturing industry. In recent years, the annual growth rate of the amount of imported tools in China is as high as 50% or more. This fact is worthy of our careful consideration and efforts to improve.
4, China's cutting tool technology development prospects The current application of innovative cutting technology, the use of advanced tools, appropriate increase in tool cost investment, improve processing efficiency and processing quality, reduce the overall cost of manufacturing, thereby increasing labor productivity and the company's competitiveness has been The consensus of mechanical processing enterprises in industrialized countries has also caused the concern of China's machinery processing companies. Reasonable tool input can multiply productivity and product quality, which is a worthwhile investment for improving the competitiveness of enterprises. Manufacturing companies only have to change traditional concepts, correctly understand the essence of cost reduction, and overcome the practice of one-sided control of tooling costs. Therefore, it is of great practical significance in China to improve the application level of cutting tools for cutting tools.
Domestic tool companies should change their concepts, increase market awareness and brand awareness, seize opportunities, speed up their own technological innovation, technological innovation, increase research and development efforts, improve product quality, and win customer trust with quality products and excellent services. With advanced cutting tools, new tool materials and coating technologies, we continue to meet the needs of the machinery manufacturing industry. Only in this way, the domestic tool companies can determine their advantages in the fierce market competition and win more market share.
1. The Importance of Cutting Tools in Machining In metal machining, metal cutting machine tools and cutting tools are the basic technological equipment for cutting. At present, the cutting machine tools are continuously updated. After high-speed spindles adopt ceramic bearings, hydrostatic bearings, air hydrostatic bearings, and magnetic bearings, the spindle speed can reach 10000-50000/min, and some even reach 150,000 r/min. The feed mechanism using ball screw can reach speed of 40~60m/min, linear motor can reach 90~120m/min, and the processing acceleration of precision CNC machining center can reach 2g (g is the acceleration of gravity). The rapid development of cutting machine tools provides the basic preconditions and technical guarantees for the development of modern manufacturing. However, no matter what kind of metal-cutting machine tools, they must rely on tools that directly contact the workpiece and remove materials from the workpiece. The tool performance and quality directly affect the production efficiency of cutting machine tools and the quality of processing, which directly affects the level of production technology and economic benefits of the entire machinery manufacturing industry.
It is precisely because of this that foreign manufacturing has the notion of “the dividends of enterprises are on the cutting edge.†In Chinese idioms, “If a worker wants to do something good, he must first sharpen his tools,†and “Knife does not mistakenly cut firewood.†The importance of the cutting process is vividly and profoundly described. Such as a 200,000 kilowatt generator rotor shaft, its net weight is 30 tons, and its forging blank 60 to 70 tons, the chip to be removed accounted for more than 50% of the gross weight of the parts, it is hard to imagine how to complete without an efficient tool This kind of processing task. The world's leading experts in cutting and machine tools have evaluated the role of cutting tools as follows: "Improved tooling has the potential to reduce cutting costs more than any other single process. Reasonable selection and application of modern cutting tools is to reduce production. Cost, the key to obtaining major economic benefits.†The United States’s N. Zildatin once said: “The efficiency of a $250,000 NC machine depends largely on a $30 end mill. Performance."
2, the cost of the tool in the analysis of manufacturing With the improvement of modern technology, equipment replacement speed is accelerating, the current replacement rate of up to 10-15 replacement generation. To make a return on equipment investment and create profits in such a short period of time, the potential of the tool must be fully tapped. According to relevant data analysis: tooling costs account for 2.4 to 4% of manufacturing cost, but it directly affects 20% of machine tool costs and 38% of labor costs in manufacturing costs.
There is also an algorithm with a machine tool to tool input ratio of 9:1 to 7:3. As long as the tool is put into place, a 15 to 20% increase in cutting speed and feedrate can reduce manufacturing costs by 10 to 15%. Data analysis of the economics of cutting processing points out that since the tool cost accounts for only 3% to 5% of the part's manufacturing cost, if the purchase price of the tool is reduced by 30%, the company will only save 1% of the part cost; If a better tool is purchased and the tool life is extended by 50%, the company will only save 1% of the part cost; however, if the tool with excellent performance is purchased, the cutting ability will be improved and the processing efficiency will be improved (assuming a 20% increase). , you can save 15% of the cost of parts. So far, this theory has been confirmed by many examples of machining.
There was a comparison of the use of different tools for processing: In 1900, using a carbon tool steel tool, a carbon steel shaft with a diameter of lOOmm and a length of 500mm was processed and it took 100 minutes to complete. Today 100 years later, with carbide-coated or cubic boron nitride tools, machining the same shaft as described above takes only one minute to complete, and the cutting efficiency is increased by a factor of 100. This shows that the potential of tools in improving cutting efficiency is quite large.
3. Current status of China's cutting tool technology Development of numerical control processing technology and equipment has become a strategic decision for governments around the world. Arming modern industries with NC equipment and transforming traditional industries have also become the direction of manufacturing development in countries around the world. After the reform and opening up, the development of China's manufacturing industry has attracted worldwide attention. The total production and technological level of machine tools has entered the world's first square. The import consumption of machine tools has reached the top of the world in recent years. China has entered the ranks of the world's manufacturing powers, but Not yet a manufacturing power. Among them, China's current manufacturing labor productivity is only equivalent to 1/23 of the United States, 1/25 of Japan, and 1/18 of Germany. Compared with advanced industrial countries, there is still a huge gap.
The operating rate of numerically-controlled machine tools in industrialized countries in the two-shift working condition reaches 60-70%, and many domestic enterprises in our country can only reach 20-30%. The reasons for the low utilization rate of CNC machine tools in China are many, except for The most important point is that the technical content of machine tools and cutting tools does not match, and a considerable part of the production enterprises are still widespread. The equipment is not properly equipped, the overall quality of technicians needs to be improved, the working environment of CNC machine tools is poor, and production technology preparation is lagging behind. The use of welding-type tools for CNC machining does not emphasize "door-to-door" and "a good horse with a good saddle", resulting in advanced machines equipped with backward tools, resulting in equipment potential is not fully displayed, resulting in a huge waste. Therefore, it is imperative to renew concepts and widely use advanced tools. When investing in machine tools, it must be equipped with corresponding tools in order to ensure the efficient operation of the equipment, effectively increase productivity, and thus obtain greater profits.
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's cutting tool industry has done a lot of work for the development of the machinery manufacturing industry, and has achieved great results. However, with the increase in the cutting speed, the use of difficult-to-cut materials, the popularization of numerical control equipment, and the cutting process Tool requirements are getting higher and higher. Domestic tools have a significant gap with the developed countries in terms of service life, reliability, etc. Both in terms of product variety and performance and quality are far from meeting the needs of China's manufacturing industry. In recent years, the annual growth rate of the amount of imported tools in China is as high as 50% or more. This fact is worthy of our careful consideration and efforts to improve.
4, China's cutting tool technology development prospects The current application of innovative cutting technology, the use of advanced tools, appropriate increase in tool cost investment, improve processing efficiency and processing quality, reduce the overall cost of manufacturing, thereby increasing labor productivity and the company's competitiveness has been The consensus of mechanical processing enterprises in industrialized countries has also caused the concern of China's machinery processing companies. Reasonable tool input can multiply productivity and product quality, which is a worthwhile investment for improving the competitiveness of enterprises. Manufacturing companies only have to change traditional concepts, correctly understand the essence of cost reduction, and overcome the practice of one-sided control of tooling costs. Therefore, it is of great practical significance in China to improve the application level of cutting tools for cutting tools.
Domestic tool companies should change their concepts, increase market awareness and brand awareness, seize opportunities, speed up their own technological innovation, technological innovation, increase research and development efforts, improve product quality, and win customer trust with quality products and excellent services. With advanced cutting tools, new tool materials and coating technologies, we continue to meet the needs of the machinery manufacturing industry. Only in this way, the domestic tool companies can determine their advantages in the fierce market competition and win more market share.
The check valve is used in the piping system, its main function is to prevent the backflow of the medium, prevent the pump and its driving motor from reversing, as well as the release of the medium in the container.
Check valves can also be used to feed pipes where the pressure may rise to exceed the pressure of the main system. Check valve according to the different material, can be applied to a variety of media pipeline.
The check valve is installed on the pipeline, which becomes one of the fluid components of the complete pipeline. The opening and closing process of the valve disc is affected by the transient flow state of the system in which it is located. In turn, the closing characteristics of the disc have an effect on the fluid flow state.
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