Due to the special nature of the environment, the protected soil has a high number of multiple croppings and a large amount of fertilizer input, which is prone to continuous cropping obstacles. The application of soil testing and formula fertilization technology in greenhouse vegetables can alleviate soil continuous cropping obstacles, reduce pests and diseases, increase production and income, save fertilizer, improve fertilizer utilization rate, and reduce the effects of nitrate on vegetables and environmental pollution.
î—¥ First, soil testing formula fertilization principles
î—¥ On the basis of determining the soil nutrient status, the amount of fertilizer is determined according to the yield of vegetable indicators and the amount of nutrient uptake, and the fertilization period is determined according to the nutritional and physiological characteristics of the vegetables. The growth of vegetable seedlings is small, requiring less nutrients, and requires more nutrients during vigorous growth and product formation. Organic fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers are generally used as base fertilizers before sowing and planting of vegetables, and quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be used for topdressing in the middle of vegetable growth. The number of top dressings can be determined according to the length of growth period of vegetables. Vegetables with short growth period can be used to catch 1~2 times of fertilizer in the middle of growth period. Vegetables with long growing period can chase 3~4 times of fertilizer when there is more nutrient demand. Generally, every 15 to 20 days, 1 to 2 times of fertilizer is chased, and the fertilization method is determined according to different vegetables and different fertilizers. Phosphate fertilizer is easy to be fixed by soil, and should be applied centrally, strip application or acupoint application. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are generally applied as ditching or acupoints, and can be applied with water in the later stages of growth.
î—¥ 1. Add organic fertilizer. It can be used with decomposed pig manure or commercial organic fertilizer to improve soil nutrient buffering capacity, prevent salt accumulation and delay soil salinization.
î—¥ 2, deep into the soil. Since the salt accumulation in the soil of the protected area is epitaxial, after the vegetables are harvested, deep-turning is carried out, and the topsoil rich in salt is turned to the lower layer, and the lower layer soil with less salt is turned over to reduce the salt damage. .
î—¥ 3, the use of changing the gap, uncovering the film raining salt or irrigation to wash the salt. After the summer vegetables are harvested, the film is removed, and the sun and rain are drenched for about 10 days or in the hot season. After 7 days of irrigation, the pond is drained and re-irrigated, and even three times, it can not only wash the salt, but also kill the bacteria, which is beneficial to the next. The high yield and stable yield of vegetables.
î—¥ 4, deep application of base fertilizer, fertilizer limited. When applying chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer, apply it as a base fertilizer as much as possible. It is best to mix fertilizer and organic fertilizer on the ground and then plow the tillage. Topdressing should strictly control the amount of fertilizer applied each time, and increase the number of top dressings to meet the demand for nutrients in vegetables. It is not possible to apply too much fertilizer at one time, resulting in an increase in the concentration of soil solution.
î—¥ 5, vigorously promote root dressing and fertilizer micro-irrigation technology.
î—¥ î—¥ Second, the soil test situation
Sun Duan Zhen Li Li Zhou vegetable base was built in November 2002, planting vegetables for 2-3 years. Soil sampling test was carried out in June 2005. The soil pH 5.41, the organic matter was 1.57%, the alkaline nitrogen was 206.5 mg/kg, the available phosphorus was 50.67 mg/kg, the available potassium was 232.45 mg/kg, and the total salt was 1.65 g/kg. ; soil pH5.76 motorway south, 1.83% organic matter, available nitrogen 185.5mg / kg, phosphorus 53.57mg / kg, K 89.5mg / kg, total salt 1.05g / kg
î—¥ î—¥ Third, the main vegetable formula fertilization technology (to Shaoxing County, Sundun Town, Yuli Zhou vegetable base as an example)
1. Eggplant fertilization technology. The production of 1000kg eggplant requires pure N î—¥ 3.2kg, P2O5 0.94kg, K2O î—¥ î—¥ 4.5kg. 2500-3000kg of eggplant per mu, pure N î—¥ 8 - 9.6kg, P2O5 2.4-2.8 kg, K2O 11.2-13.5kg. In the first half of the eggplant planting, the application of organic fertilizer 2000kg plus 25 kg compound fertilizer or organic-inorganic compound fertilizer 120kg; after the seedlings survive, apply appropriate amount of live fertilizer; each harvest 2-3 batches, top dressing, 45% compound fertilizer for use in mu- 15 kg and urea 5 kg. Topdressing can be applied between the two plants, or 15cm from the base of the plant. It should be ventilated in time after fertilization.
î—¥ î—¥ 2, cucumber fertilization technology. The production of 1000kg cucumber requires 2.6kg of pure nitrogen, 1.5kg of P2O5, 3.5kg of K2O, 3000-4000kg of cucumber per mu, 7.0-10.4kg of pure nitrogen, 4.5-6kg of P2O5 and 10.5-14kg of K2O. The first top dressing was carried out at the beginning of the melon, and the pure nitrogen was applied 3-4 kg per mu, K2O î—¥ 4-6 kg. In the early stage of the melon, the second top dressing was carried out, and the pure nitrogen was applied 3-4 kg, K2O 5-6 kg. In the middle of the melon, the third topdressing was carried out, and the pure nitrogen was applied 3-4kg, K2O 5-6kg. Before planting, the application of organic fertilizer is 2000kg and compound fertilizer is 25kg.
î—¥ 3, melon fertilization technology. When the melon is cultivated in Spring, the organic fertilizer is 3000 kg and the compound fertilizer is 30 kg or the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 120-200 kg. Topdressing should be applied 2-3 times before vines, mainly based on thin fertilizer, such as manure and manure. 10-20 kg of compound fertilizer will be applied to the vines in the period of vines, and heavy fertilizer will be applied once in the season of cascading, 20 kg of compound fertilizer will be applied per mu, and 2-3 times of topdressing will be applied once every time, and the moisture in the greenhouse cannot be over-wet, so as to avoid Affect the effect of fertilization. After collecting melon in the late stage, it can be sprayed with 0.5% urea or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to prevent premature aging.
î—¥ î—¥ 4, small pepper fertilization technology. Before the planting of small pepper, apply 2000kg of organic fertilizer plus 150kg of compound fertilizer or 150kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer; enter the young fruit stage for the first topdressing, and apply 1500kg of manure per acre. If there is no rain after topdressing, watering can be done. If the growth is not good, in the fruiting period, we must pay close attention to the second topdressing, applying 45% of compound fertilizer per acre to 10 to 15 kg, chasing after watering; harvesting period should be chased and rushed, every 5 in the sunny day 6 days to apply a manure of manure, it is better to water and topdress in the morning or evening.
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