Boron is one of the essential nutrients in plants and is absorbed and utilized by plants in the form of boric acid molecules (H3BO3). Boron has three major effects on the physiological process of crops: one is to promote the effect, boron can promote the operation of carbohydrates, and the boron content in plants is suitable, which can improve the supply of organic matter in various organs of crops, make crops grow normally, and improve the seed setting rate and fruit set rate. Boron promotes root growth. Boron promotes photosynthesis and plays an important role in the synthesis and transport of carbohydrates. The second is a special role. Boron has a special effect on the fertilization process. Its amount in the pollen is the highest in the stigma and ovary, which can stimulate the germination of the pollen and the elongation of the pollen tube, so that the pollination can proceed smoothly. When the crop is deficient in boron, the anthers and filaments shrink, and the pollen cannot form, showing a "flowery and unreal" condition. Cotton buds do not flower, fruit trees appear buds, falling flowers, fruit drop, wheat grains are not full, eggplants have cracked fruit and other symptoms. The third is regulation. Boron regulates the formation and function of organic acids in plants. In the absence of boron, organic acids accumulate in the roots, and cell differentiation and elongation of the apical meristem are inhibited, and cork is formed, causing root necrosis. Boron also enhances the drought resistance, disease resistance and precocity of crops. Generally, oil crops, sugar crops, fruit trees, cotton, and solanaceous vegetables are all boron-loving crops.
Common boron fertilizer types
Borax: The chemical industry industry disodium tetraborate decahydrate is a raw material for extracting boron and boron compounds. It is equivalent to boron (B) content of 11%. It has white fine crystals and is insoluble in cold water. It is a commonly used elemental boron fertilizer.
Boric acid: molecular formula H3BO3 content (national standard) ≥ 99.5%, equivalent to boron (B) amount of about 17%, from boron magnesium ore and sulfuric acid reaction, filtered, concentrated, crystallized, dried. Boric acid is a colorless pearly slanted flaky crystal or white fine crystal, soluble in water, is an inorganic compound boron chemical raw material, and is also one of the traditional boron fertilizer varieties. Boron and magnesium fertilizers and boron mud are by-products of the production of industrial boric acid. Farmers also often use them as boron fertilizers. Since they are alkaline fertilizers, they should be taken care of when they are used.
In recent years, a new batch of boron fertilizer has been produced. The boron fertilizer has a nutrient content of more than 20%, a relatively high concentration, good water solubility, high effective absorption rate, less soil residue, and a wide range of soil pH resistance. Features. For example, the Anhui Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Work Station developed a special boron fertilizer for refining and polymerizing agriculture. The main component is sodium octahydrate tetrahydrate. The main ingredient of Hefeng Boron produced by Beijing Xinhefeng Co., Ltd. is sodium polyborate. The content of pure boron is more than 21%. The US-produced Boron and Suile Boron, Granubou is a white spherical granular soil-based boron fertilizer produced by the American Borax Group. Its pure boron content is 15%, which is generally used for soil fertilization. The boron has excellent diffusibility and is easily absorbed by plants, so that its fertilizer effect is obvious. Direct application or compounding with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium will not cause boron accumulation and crop poisoning in the soil. Its unique physical properties make it easy to release boron and long-lasting. The content of Suile Boron is 21%, which is generally used as foliar fertilization. In addition, there is gold boron produced in Italy. The removal of 19.4% boron also contains 20% potassium oxide. It is better applied to fruit trees or solanaceous vegetables. The high boron content of boron is 15%, which is more suitable for Used in soil.
Application method and efficacy
Boron fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, base fertilizer, or blended in flush fertilizer. The dosage of 0.5-1 kg per mu is different. Different fertilizers can be used in different quantities. Since the boron fertilizer is easily fixed in the soil, the time for feeding the fertilizer is relatively slow, thereby prolonging the boron supply time of the soil and being easily fixed or lost by the soil. Boron mud or boron-magnesium fertilizer is generally applied in areas where boron deficiency is severe, and the price is low.
Under normal circumstances, the application of boron fertilizer adopts the form of foliar spray: foliar spray can be flexible according to the growth of crops, boron is added at the right time, the application amount is small, the effect is remarkable, and it has the characteristics of saving fertilizer, reducing pollution and fast plant absorption. The most commonly used boron application method can be applied on the front and back sides of the leaf surface, but because the pores are on the opposite side of the leaf surface, the reverse surface spray effect is better. Foliar application of boron fertilizer should be sprayed once according to the application crop vegetative growth period or reproductive growth period, and spraying more than twice is better. The spraying period should be early and not too late, the initial flowering period is appropriate, and the spraying effect in the late flowering stage is not significant. For example, rapeseed is sprayed once before winter, and boron is sprayed once again during the buds to ensure sufficient supply of boron in the peak period of boron. Wheat can be applied once in the rejuvenation jointing stage, and the yield is generally increased by 8%-12%. Application of boron fertilizer on soybean can increase soybean yield by 10%-12.8%; cotton is obvious to boron, and spraying boron fertilizer (speed Le Boron) at seedling and bud stage can increase yield by 10%-23%; tomato, beet and sugar cane The application of boron fertilizer in citrus and apple can not only increase the yield, but also increase the sugar content of the fruit.
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