With the development of animal husbandry, in the process of pursuing high efficiency of breeding, in order to speed up the growth of livestock and poultry, and reduce the ratio of meat to meat, the use of oil in feed is becoming more and more common. The addition of oil to livestock and poultry feed is generally based on soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil and rice bran oil, as well as the use of animal oil and table oil. Through the rational use of oil and fat, the production performance of livestock and poultry is greatly improved, the growth rate is accelerated, and the feed-to-meat ratio is lowered. However, there are some disadvantages that must be overcome in the process of using fats and oils: the effect of using oils and fats in young livestock and poultry is not obvious. Many studies have shown that the addition of oil in piglet diets has no significant effect on the growth performance of piglets. The main reason is that the development of digestive tract in young animals is incomplete, bile acid salts and lipase secretion are not enough to digest and absorb the oil in the feed, resulting in waste of fat in the feed, which is excreted by young animals. On the other hand, the energy requirements of the piglet weaning stage are significantly higher than that of the growing pig, so if the fat in the piglet diet can be fully absorbed, the weight gain of the piglet during weaning will be greatly improved. In the current production practice, in order to improve the growth rate and production performance of livestock and poultry, a large amount of oil is often added. In the late stage of broiler feed, the proportion of oil added in the diet is often more than 3%, and the proportion of fat in the diet of lactating sows can reach more than 3%. In such an addition ratio, the fat added to the feed often fails to meet our expectations, mainly because the amount of bile acid salt required for a high proportion of fat in the diet greatly exceeds the amount that can be secreted in the livestock, so the fat The emulsification is not thorough. Unemulsified oils often cause diarrhea in livestock and poultry, resulting in loss of livestock production.
1 use of emulsifier in feed
Solving these problems in the use of oil, increasing the digestion and absorption rate of oils, and expanding the use range and proportion of oils are important means to improve livestock production. Increasing the digestibility of oils and fats is an important process. An emulsifier is an amphoteric substance that is soluble in water and soluble in oil. Emulsification is a process in which a liquid is placed in a liquid that is not mixed with it, and the liquid is dispersed as particles under the action of an external force, and the newly formed homogeneous mixture is called an emulsion. A substance that disperses the two liquids and keeps the emulsion stable is called an emulsifier. The emulsifier is essentially a surfactant. After adding an emulsifier to the feed, the oil in the feed can be dissolved in water, which greatly enhances the digestion and absorption properties of the oil.
Effects of adding emulsifiers to the growth performance of livestock and poultry: Many studies have shown that when adding lecithin and cephalin in piglet-containing diets (adding 10% of the amount of butter), the fat in the diet The digestibility rate increased from 80.9% to 88.4% and 83.9%, respectively. The addition of lecithin as an emulsifier in broiler feed can reduce the abdominal fat thickness of broilers and increase the body weight of cockroaches.
2 types of emulsifiers
There are dozens of emulsifiers used at this stage, but mainly used in the food and feed industry are phospholipids, fatty acid esters and glycoside esters, and bile acid emulsifiers are also used in feed. Commercially available emulsifier products are not composed of a single emulsifier. In order to maximize the emulsification performance, several emulsifiers are often combined in a suitable ratio to constitute a commercial emulsifier. The composite emulsifier is an emulsifier composed of two or more kinds of surfactants, and the different emulsifiers are combined with each other to enhance the water-dissolving ability of the emulsifier to the oil.
3 advantages and disadvantages of different emulsifiers
Phosphate ester products are mainly used in medicine, food, cosmetics industry and feed, and there are refined lecithin, modified phosphoester, hydrogenated phosphate, complex phosphorus ester, decolorized phosphoester and crude phosphorus ester. Ten kinds. Further development of the phospholipids to brain phospholipids, inositol phosphates and lecithin, and further processing. It is characterized by good water-based properties and can function as emulsification, decomposition, stabilization, adhesion, oxidation prevention, and viscosity reduction. Its emulsification performance is higher than other types of emulsifiers, and it can promote the transportation of fat in animals. It is a natural substance that promotes animal health. The addition of phospholipids to sow diets increases milk secretion and promotes growth from pigs.
As a natural emulsifier secreted by the liver of animals, bile acid salts can emulsify the oil that enters the digestive tract into chylomicrons, which can be enzymatically hydrolyzed with lipase and absorbed into the blood of animals. As an exogenous emulsifier, whether the bile acid emulsifier enters the animal's digestive tract will cause the liver of the animal to feedback and inhibit the secretion of bile, which is worth considering.
Glycoside ester emulsifiers are the fourth generation of emulsifiers, and their emulsification performance and nutritional function are better than those of emulsifiers currently on the market. At present, these emulsifiers are at the development stage at home and abroad. Although there are not many products, we have yet to develop them.
4 summary
As a feed additive that can promote fat digestion, emulsifier can significantly promote the digestibility of energy in livestock and poultry feed, thereby increasing the growth rate of livestock and poultry. Choosing an emulsifier rich in nutrients and emulsification has an important effect on the feeding effect of the feed. From the perspective of feeding effects, phospholipids and glycoside ester emulsifiers are better choices.
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