In view of the current heavy rain, fruit trees are partially affected by pests and serious pests and diseases. The author proposes the following management measures:
First, this year's rain is sufficient, and the growth of mountain fruit trees is better than last year. According to the survey, the chestnuts and walnuts in Feixian County are growing well. Therefore, we must seize the favorable opportunity to do a good job in summer management, properly pruning the canopy garden, and strengthen the fertilization work, especially the use of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to ensure that the fruit trees grow well.
Second, there are more rains this summer, and fruit tree diseases are generally more serious than in previous years. This year, aphids, pears, apple leaf curlers, scale insects, etc. occur heavily, apple rot, leaf blight, ulcer disease, brown spot, anthracnose, ring disease, grape black pox, downy mildew, peach perforated leaves Diseases, gum disease, walnut anthracnose, walnut rot disease, etc. occur more seriously, it is necessary to focus on prevention and treatment of diseases caused by high temperature and humidity. Combined with pest control, 70% methyl thiophanate-soluble powder 800 times solution, 25% tebuconazole suspension 1500 times solution, 10% diphenyl ether carbenazole water-dispersible granule 4000 times solution, 25% flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate 8000 times liquid plus 20% high chlorine methyl methacrylate 2000 times liquid, 25% chlorpyrifos 1200 times and other agents to treat and prevent the above diseases, add silicone penetrant when spraying and alternately use the above agents to improve the spraying effect .
3. For the orchard where the damage occurred, timely rescue measures should be taken after the rain.
　　 1. The orchard that is soaked in water should be sprayed with water to wash the leaves after the water is discharged or retreated. Fruit trees that are immersed in water, when the rain stops, retreat time, remove the sundries, use the flood to wash the contaminated branches and leaves, reduce muddy. After all the floods have been withdrawn, the fallen fruit trees will be righted, soiled, and rooted, and then the remaining stains on the leaves will be sprayed with clean water to enable the leaves to perform normal physiological activities.
　　 2 , timely trenching drainage. For the affected orchard, it is necessary to timely clear the drainage ditch, drain the water, and restore the soil to dryness, avoiding the stagnant roots of the fruit trees caused by the water in the orchard. In particular, stone fruit trees such as peaches, cherries, and plums are not resistant to cockroaches, and more attention should be paid to drainage work.
　　 3 , timely soil, loose soil to protect the root system, promote new roots, restore growth. Due to heavy rains and flash floods in mountain orchards, fruit trees are washed down, washed and soil washed away, causing soil erosion. Fruit trees are exposed to roots and roots. After the disaster, it is necessary to timely correct and protect the roots, promote new roots and restore growth. Flatland orchards are prone to soil compaction after flooding. After draining water, shallow tillage is required to restore soil permeability and promote new roots.
　　 4 , orchards with more rain and more grass should actively weed. Rainy season grassland has become a headache for many fruit farmers: the shovel is not exhausted, the unfinished grass is wasting a lot of manpower and material resources. It is recommended that the farmer use a lawn mower to cut grass, according to the growth of the grass for 15-20 days, the grass should not be higher than 50 cm, especially in time to remove some strong weeds, so as not to affect the growth of fruit trees. This year, the fruit innovation team of Shandong Province made a non-woven cover application test in the apple orchard. The weeds growth was significantly reduced after covering the grass, which reduced the problem of weeds and fruit trees competing for water, which was conducive to fruit growth. . Grassing between rows and cutting grass 3-4 times a year is beneficial to increase soil organic matter and improve fruit quality. At the same time, grass between rows of fruit trees improves the rhizosphere environment of fruit trees, which is beneficial to improve drought resistance and mites resistance of fruit trees.
　　 4 , combined with foliar spray fertilizer, timely topdressing, strengthen nutrition, and promote the growth of fruit trees. Foliar fertilizer should be based on organic nutrition, such as the use of polypeptide protein solution. In addition to dressing the soil P and K fertilizer mainly trace elements, depending on the circumstances affected tree, generally dressing 2--3 times. For fruit trees with positive flower bud differentiation, stable fruit and strong fruit, add appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when topdressing.
　　 5. Rationally pruning fruit trees. Timely pruning fruit trees with serious disasters, one is to cut off the dry branches after the disaster from the base; the other is to make the fruit trees with a lot of fallen leaves after roots and roots in the disaster, to carry out the thinning and retracting, to promote the new shoots, and to properly remove the parts. Fruit, reduce the burden on the tree; Third, due to the frequent rain, peach, apple, pear and other summer shoots, it is necessary to timely pick the heart, twist slightly, remove the dense branches to open the light path, promote fruit tree flower bud differentiation, promote fruit tree growth Inflated and colored.
　　 6 , timely harvest. Fruits that enter maturity are harvested in time to reduce losses. For the fruit trees in the expansion period, it is necessary to topdress the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, improve the fruit quality, and do not pursue the cooked fast and spray the ripening agent.
　　 7. The impact of large rainfall on fruit tree seedlings has its advantages and disadvantages. For sandy loam soil, it is beneficial to seedling growth to be able to drain and timely apply fertilizer. It is necessary to do a good job of digging trenches in time. Strengthen the prevention and control of seedling pests and diseases, especially powdery mildew, heartworm, and leaf miner are more likely to occur on seedlings.
　　 8. At present, during the peak period of summer rain, fruit farmers must also do a good job of flood prevention in advance. For orchards with high groundwater level or low-lying terrain, a deep sorghum cultivation model should be formed, and the orchard furrows, middle ditch and gully should be used to make the ditch and ditch communicate and form a flood control system. For flat orchards, it is necessary to step up the repair and reinforcement of the drainage ditch system to ensure smooth and smooth. For mountain orchards, the protective trenches around the orchard should be repaired, deepened and reinforced, and the protective trenches at the top should be used as flood collecting ditch, and the protective ditch on both sides should be used as a gully to ensure the safety of fruit trees. (Feixian Fruit Industry Administration Xu Mingju Zheng Xiaoyun)
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