Sustainable development and energy management have become corporate social responsibility, and the public's attention is greater than the green issue. They have become the responsibility that industry and manufacturing must perform. The smart grid can provide opportunities for the above two goals to be achieved.
Manufacturing is slowly recovering from the recent depression. Consumer spending power is declining. Many manufacturing plants are closing, and the wave of layoffs is still spreading. Enterprises are in the midst of a crisis of survival and are constantly working to control costs. Many companies have moved factories from areas with high operating costs to areas with low operating costs, and all company budgets have been reduced. In China, even the employees of some companies are on business trips and can only take high-speed trains and are not allowed to fly. We are experiencing market turmoil. This is not a period of prosperity in the manufacturing industry. It is a period of diligence and economy.
At the same time, the active media is talking about the story of creating a green environment, how to reduce carbon emissions, how to calculate the carbon footprint, how to carry out carbon trading, the country is installing smart meters for each family, new electric vehicles are going into production, renewable energy The project keeps happening... The U.S. government issued a statement that a multi-billion dollar incentive plan will be used for the revitalization of the U.S. energy system. This is the smart grid, and this is just the beginning.
The Brattle Group, a consulting firm that provides economic and regulatory advice, estimates that in the next 20 years, the total US investment in the energy system will reach $1.5 trillion. Big order soon!
At first glance, this seems to be less relevant to industry. New transmission lines, distribution systems, electric vehicles, and household smart meters are all very good, but they are not as attractive to industry as manufacturing. It may be time for reconsideration.
Industrial impact grid
The U.S. government’s Energy Information Committee’s report in the International Energy 2009 Outlook states that energy in the industrial sector is consumed by various industries, including manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction, such as: processes, processing , assembly, lighting, etc., are the result of a combination. The industrial sector uses more energy than any other field, consuming about half of the energy emitted by the world.
In the United States, electricity used in the industrial sector accounts for about 25% of the total energy of the grid. This is lower than the 33% in 1996, reflecting the decline in the overall capacity of the U.S. industry. Even so, electricity is still a major operating expense for many industrial productions. In industry, the top 10 industries that consume the most electricity are:
Chemical industry
2. The original metal;
3. Non-metallic minerals;
4. Papermaking;
5. Non-ferrous metals;
6. Food;
7. Plastics and rubber products;
8. Transportation equipment;
9. Computers and electronic products;
10. Textile machinery.
Chemicals, raw metals, ore, and papermaking exceed 60% of industrial power consumption. Electric tigers in these industries are most sensitive to changes in energy costs.
Industry as a producer of electricity also plays a role. The contribution from power generation from industry is about 4%. This figure seems to be insignificant, equivalent to the current generation of non-hydro renewable energy.
Grid impact industry
Obviously, industrial energy consumption has a major impact on the grid; however, the reverse is the same. The grid also has an important influence on industrial customers.
The distribution of power grids can affect power quality and reliability. The power generation failures, transmission congestions, and power distribution failures that occur during the peak period all affect normal production activities, increase the company's operating costs, and reduce the company's production efficiency. Since after each power disturbance, the restoration of normal production requires regaining the pressure, temperature, and power required for production, the production efficiency is impaired.
A report from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory estimates that the cost of power outages is approximately 80 billion U.S. dollars per year. Among them, $20 billion is a loss in the industrial sector and 57 billion is a loss in the commercial field. This may be misleading because the impact on industrial customers is actually much greater than on commercial customers.
Another effect is the power quality, such as voltage bumps and sinks, which can affect the operation of electronic equipment unless protective equipment and backup power are installed, but this requires additional costs.
Cost is the key. Although cheap energy is increasing, the cost of cheap energy is no longer so cheap. The average selling price has a rising trend, even in the cycle of economic recession.
Infrastructure changes
The smart grid represents a global infrastructure change. The generation, transmission and use of energy are all driven by modern advanced automation, communications and information technology. According to the contents of Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act (Act 2007), these changes will include:
Distributed renewable energy integration;
More reliable power transmission and distribution;
Realize two-way flow of energy with customers;
The smart consumption of energy.
The key first step has already been taken and the road to the smart grid is a journey with no end. The original fund of the U.S. Recovery and Reinvestment Act includes a $4 billion smart grid grant to set up demonstration projects. This is an additional amount of $42 billion for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects and $21 billion of energy incentives. This fund represents only a small part of the entire investment and it is very important for achieving the goals of the smart grid.
Changes in the power grid
Changing from a traditional grid to a smart grid will bring many changes. Energy is no longer a monthly electricity bill, but it can provide real-time energy analysis and financial budgeting decisions. Energy will be a dynamically controllable expense. In the current situation, dynamic energy management will be widely used for some large industrial customers.
The adjustment of energy prices and demand will be used for the formulation of financial policies, not only related to energy consumption, but also related to energy production. If energy prices are higher than locally generated electricity, then the sale of electricity back to the grid may be a good financial strategy. When prices are low, running industrial processes is financially economical. This decision requires intelligent automation systems.
Change brings opportunity
Industrial users should treat the smart grid as an opportunity to integrate it into the system as a sustainable benefit for the enterprise. Companies should not only reuse and optimize energy for internal projects, but also assess the impact of these projects on the community. Industrial companies should make full use of their geographical location and influence. In addition to maintaining efficient operation, they can also become energy network providers. Opportunities come from many places.
Energy management
Energy is a valuable resource that needs to be managed. The first and most important step is to understand where and how energy is used, and how it affects the economy. By understanding energy use through key economic indicators, energy management systems can help decision makers formulate energy strategies. They can also help achieve off-line design and online optimization. Stabilizing demand and application tailoring can increase efficiency by up to 10%, and in some heavy industry companies can even increase efficiency by as much as 30%.
Many industrial processes have decades of service, and energy at that time is cheap and sufficient. These places represent a great opportunity to use energy management solutions. Also consider the ability to upgrade the energy system in the field, how to integrate smart grid signals such as: dynamic pricing, fast response, and reliability of signalling.
Industrial Microgrid
The industrial microgrid is a self-sufficient energy system that includes the energy generated by consumption and the energy generated. This flexibility isolates the grid from failure, avoids power outages and quality impacts, and also allows excess energy to return to the main grid. Whether energy is input or output is determined by the energy management system, thus optimizing energy consumption and production.
Because of the negative impact of power failure, many factories have built their own power plants. Because the backup power generation capability is very important, the core components of the microgrid have already been installed on site.
Distributed renewable power generation
Most of the industrial facilities are built on flat bases, which are conducive to the installation of renewable energy power generation facilities such as wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy, and bioenergy, usually in the form of distributed power grids. In this case, power generation is directly controlled by the local power supply bureau or supplier, and gains are obtained through energy supply agreements.
Many power plants now use gas or raw coal combined with thermal energy to generate electricity. Such a power plant is the provider and consumer of the power grid. The renovation and expansion of these existing facilities is also a business opportunity.
The control of changing energy requires the implementation of advanced automation and optimization. These technologies have become commonplace in the automation industry and can be achieved using existing models and simulation techniques.
Renewable energy generation
If an organization has sufficient land and financial resources, it is a good idea to establish a geographically dispersed power station based on multiple renewable resources, and it may also be a good investment opportunity. Solar energy during the day, wind energy at night, gas turbines, and energy storage devices can provide a balance of needs. This is also a kind of virtual power plant, like a dispatchable power plant. Schedulable energy provides a scalable or scalable power generation capability for grid operations. It is connected when the demand for the grid increases, and it is withdrawn when demand decreases. Solar and wind power usually provide basic load power generation.
there's still a long way to go
The ideas presented here are also affected by the current events. At the same time as the Climate Conference was held in Denmark at the end of 2009, the issue of restrictions on emissions and trading permits was debated on Capitol Hill in Washington. The restrictions on greenhouse gas emissions may affect the construction of global industrial facilities and further depress economic growth. The impact of these global actions may be significant and even add the cost of energy security and environmental protection to the price.
The qualitative impact of greenhouse gas emissions has been understood and widely accepted, and quantitative impacts are being modeled and considered.
The highest oil production in the world is also being debated vigorously. Some people estimate that the peak will occur after 2030. A recent article in The Economist cited Fez? Birol, chief economist of the International Energy Agency, said that if there were no major new discoveries, 'if the oil grows according to the usual business model, the peak of traditional oil output should occur in 2020. 'Many of us will experience the negative impact of peak oil, because it will affect the global oil-dependent economy.
In the long run, solar and wind energy have the potential to replace a small amount of oil. This depends on new technologies and control systems that convert solar and wind energy into primary energy. In addition, thermal power plants use CO2 to recover the pressure of balancing costs and use predictability to improve wind energy utilization. One thing is certain: The world needs energy from different sources, integrates them all on smart grids, and can work together.
Calling for action
Industrial customers have the opportunity to act and actively participate in the transition to the smart grid. New regulations, business models, technologies, and required communication standards are in the planning process. Their impact on industry is enormous.
Industrial organizations have two basic options: 1) Passive waiting and acceptance of incidents, or 2) Active participation in helping establish smart grid regulations and standards.
Understanding the impact of energy on the operation of industrial users, proactively launching new businesses, establishing long-term business strategies, and recognizing and seizing the opportunities of smart grids are tantamount to investing in the future of the company, the future of the country, and the future of the world.
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