Rational fertilization to achieve reasonable fertilization, we must first grasp the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium required for each growth period of corn. Generally, 100 kg of corn kernels require 3.6 kg of nitrogen, 1.5 kg of phosphorus, and 3.1 kg of potassium. The nitrogen:phosphorus:potassium is 2.4:1:2.1, and the rate of absorption and utilization of nutrients in different growth stages of corn is different. The period in which corn is most fertilized is from the big trumpet period to the tasseling period. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied as a base fertilizer and top dressing. Phosphate fertilizer should be applied in the production. The uniform distribution of potassium fertilizer in the soil is beneficial to root absorption.
Increasing the fertilizer utilization rate The bottom fertilizer requirement is about 20 cm deep. It is mainly based on farmyard manure, combined with the application of chemical fertilizer, which is beneficial to improve soil structure and fertility, and the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer is long, which can meet the needs of corn for nutrients. The nitrogen fertilizer base fertilizer is preferably urea, and the application amount should account for about 15% of the total amount required for the whole growth period. According to the test, the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer was applied as the base fertilizer, which was about 10% higher than the nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should account for 75% to 80% of the total application. Currently, ternary compound fertilizers with 15% active components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be selected. The application of the bottom fertilizer should be as deep as possible, otherwise it is easy to base fertilizer and mouth fertilizer, and the local soil solution concentration is too high, resulting in burning and burning.
The fertilizer applied to the seed near the mouth fertilizer is called mouth fertilizer, and the mouth fertilizer can meet the demand for nutrients in the corn seedling stage. The effect of applying the mouth fertilizer is more significant when the amount of base fertilizer is insufficient or the soil is thin. The mouth fertilizer should be based on quick-acting fertilizers that are easily absorbed by seedlings, that is, high-quality nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. The application of fertilizer should be done to isolate the seeds from the fertilizer. The mouth fertilizer should be applied to the lower side of the seed 3 to 5 cm.
The fertilizer applied during the fertility of corn is called top dressing, which mainly provides the fertilizer needed for the peak of corn absorption. There are three peaks of fat absorption in corn during the whole life, namely, jointing stage, big trumpet period and tasselling stage. After the corn enters the jointing stage, the growth of vegetative bodies is accelerated, the differentiation of tassels is going on, the differentiation of the ear is about to begin, and the requirements for nutrients are increasing. Therefore, the fertilizer is harvested in time, and the yield increase effect is generally obtained. If the bottom is fat enough, the topdressing can be properly controlled, and the time can be later; when the land is thin, the amount of base fertilizer is small, and the plant is thin, it should be applied more and earlier, accounting for 20% to 30% of the amount of topdressing. When the soil fertility is low or the base fertilizer and mouth fat are insufficient, the fertilizer should be removed when the 6 leaves are unfolded.
The fertilizer applied by the ear fertilizer before the growth cone of the ear to the tassel is called the ear fertilizer. This period is in the stage of spikelet and floret differentiation. The vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the plant are very strong, and the water and nutrients required are the most. It is the key period to determine the size of the ear and the number of grains. Therefore, the effect of top dressing is very significant. Should account for 30% to 60% of the amount of topdressing. In the case of normal growth during seedling stage, re-application of panicle fertilizer can obtain significant yield-increasing effects, especially in the case of insufficient fertilizer, once concentrated application of panicle fertilizer, the yield increase effect is significant. The soil is fertile, the base fertilizer and the seed fertilizer are sufficient, and the panicle fertilizer is concentrated; on the contrary, the top dressing is applied and the panicle fertilizer is applied again. When the soil fertility is high, when the base fertilizer and mouth fat are sufficient, the panicle fertilizer can be traced 7 to 10 days before the tasseling. This can avoid the vegetative growth of plants in the early stage of early topdressing, and it is beneficial to prolong the functional period of the leaves in the late growth stage, which plays an important role in increasing the number of grains per ear and increasing the 1000-grain weight.
Partially topdressing sandy soil, especially sandstone soil, should not be applied too much at a time, and should be topdressed to reduce leakage and volatile loss. Topdressing must be pursued. Practice has shown that the depth of topdressing is 8 to 10 cm, which is 10% to 15% higher than the depth of 2 cm, and the fertilizer utilization rate is increased by about 15%. Granular fertilizer can be determined according to the situation, mainly to prevent premature senescence of the leaves and increase 100-grain weight. High-yield field grain fertilizer accounts for 10% to 20% of top dressing. All in all, the topdressing index according to the leaf age index is carried out in accordance with the requirements of “low-yield field before and after heavy weight; medium-yield field before light weight; high-yield field front light, medium weight, and after-fillingâ€.
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