Some farmers have reported that their own corn is not high-yielding every year, and they don’t know why. Many people attribute the non-high yield of corn to objective factors such as weather, variety, and fertilizer. In fact, they are more likely to find their own reasons. This is not the case. According to the management order of corn planting, the corn experts have classified the following types of wrong practices in the management of corn plants. In contrast, see which one we have committed:
First, the error of single seeding
1. Use the purchased ordinary seeds as a single seed, use a slap, and pick a small grain to make a single seed.
2. Randomly set the plant spacing, there is no concept of density, it is always considered that the thick ratio is rare.
3. There are a lot of manipulators to rebuild the planter, and the structure of the line spacing can be adjusted at will. It should be sown at a distance of 50 cm, and the distance between the plants is set to 17 cm to 18 cm.
4. The fertilizer is good.
5. Pouring the head water to flood the water.
6. The deeper the seeding, the better.
The success of single-seeding technology is not a simple improvement of a single link, but a new system of technology. Many farmers use manual on-demand methods to sow, but there is no good effect. What is the reason? In summary, the purity of the seeds should be high, not lower than 98%; the bud rate should be high, not lower than 95%. The biggest success of single-seeding is to achieve scientific planting density. A variety can only produce the highest yield at a reasonable density. If the density is too small, it cannot produce high yield. Large density will cause problems such as lodging, empty stalks, and illness, resulting in different levels of production. If it is too thin, it will also reduce production, but there will be no problem of lodging and empty stalks. Seeding and seedling protection is the key. Inappropriate seeding methods will result in the lack of seedlings and ridges, which will affect the density and affect the yield. Seeds and fertilizers are good to be applied, which is easy to cause fertilizers, seedlings, and rotten seeds. It is the main cause of lack of seedlings, and the use of chemical fertilizers is more serious. Plots without irrigation conditions must be deep-seed to reduce the impact of drought on emergence; plots that can be watered at any time should be shallow, and the sowing depth should not exceed 5 cm, and 3 cm is best.
Second, the use of herbicides
1. I don't know the type and use period of corn herbicides, and use them indiscriminately;
2. The herbicide is mixed with the organophosphorus pesticide and the micro-fertilizer, and the figure saves labor;
3. Do not increase the dosage according to the amount indicated;
4. Covet the cheaper to buy the elimination type of herbicide;
5. The spray of the motorized sprayer is uneven;
6. Spray the medicine if it is not used up.
Every year, farmers have reduced corn production due to herbicides. Corn weeding can be divided into three periods, and the types of herbicides used in each period are different and should not be used indiscriminately.
Pre-emergence weeding is commonly known as land-sealing herbicides, and the types are alachlor, acetochlor, butachlor, acetamidine, and atrazine. The plots for weeding before seedlings should pay attention to the following aspects: First, the soil moisture should be large. After the corn is planted, it is basically unusable after the rain or after the pouring of the ground, such as soil drought or growing grass. Second, when the wheat bran is high and the wheat straw is covered on the ground, this type of herbicide is best not used. Because the ground is not formed into the soil layer, the weeds that germinate in the top soil cannot be killed. Third, the application time of the herbicide is the earliest. When the efficacy period is over, the weeds will soon grow up, and the second herbicide needs to be sprayed, which wastes manpower and material resources. Fourth, the herbicides on the ground are easy to make the leaves of the corn yellow, especially when used at high temperatures, which is easy to damage the roots. In view of the above problems, weeding is now being replaced by post-emergence weeding.
Before the emergence of 2 leaves to 5 leaves, the grass is mainly eliminated. The herbicide used at this time is generally composed of sulfonesulfuron-methyl and acesulfame-methyl, and the composite preparation is mainly added atrazine (atrazine). Generally, the weeds turn yellow about 7 days after application, and weeds die after about 20 days. In the 2~5 leaf stage after corn seedlings, the whole field can be sprayed, the herbicidal effect is good, and the safety is high. There are also individual varieties that are sensitive to this type of herbicide, and the leaves of the plants will yellow, but they can be recovered in about 1 month without affecting the yield. Sweet corn, seeding, waxy corn, and some varieties of sea-going are susceptible to phytotoxicity and should be used with caution. Special reminder: the whole field spray of corn should be carried out within 5 leaves, and do not use organophosphorus pesticides for 7 days before and after application, otherwise it should be sprayed. Corn is 6 to 9 leaf stage is the most sensitive period for herbicides, this application will bring phytotoxicity. After 9 leaves, we can consider low-dose directional spray between rows to control grass damage .
The middle and late stages of corn growth. Do not use glyphosate. This is a germinating systemic herbicide. It is mainly used for perennial weeds. It is mainly used for orchards, ditches and roadsides to control weeds. It can also be used after crops are planted and before emergence. use.
Third, the wrong use of fertilizer
Urea application should pay attention to: Do ​​not mix with ammonium bicarbonate, it will cause slow urea conversion and thus volatile and loss loss; do not spread on the surface, most of the nitrogen is volatilized in the process of converting urea into ammonia, the utilization rate is only 30%; Do not make seed fertilizer. The small amount of biuret contained in urea will poison the seeds and seedlings, affecting seed germination and seedling growth. Do not water immediately after using urea. The conversion of urea takes 2~10 days to complete, and watering will be done immediately. Because urea is soluble in water, it is lost with water. In addition, we must pay attention to the use of corn attack fertilizer. Many times the corn nutrients have not met the needs of late growth and development. In order to obtain high-quality and high-yield products, some quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers must be applied to prevent premature aging of corn, promote corn filling and grain fullness, and increase 1000-grain weight.
Do not over-fertilize. Excessive fertilization can cause residual fertilizer and soil compaction. If there are conditions, it can increase the application of organic fertilizer, farmyard manure, and appropriate application of foliar fertilizer such as zinc fertilizer to increase the yield of corn. Nowadays, there are many kinds of controlled release fertilizers (slow release fertilizers) on the market. The controlled release fertilizers have the ingredients to control the release time of nitrogen fertilizer in fertilizers. The nitrogen contained in them will be slowly released according to different corn growth stages, with one fertilization and one season. specialty.
Fourth, one-sided belief in foliar fertilizer effect
There are many types of foliar fertilizers, which are divided into four categories: one is nutritive foliar fertilizer, such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The second is the regulation type of foliar fertilizer, which is hormone or auxin such as alizarin, gibberellin, paclobutrazol and the like. The third is bio-foliar fertilizer, which is composed of amino acids, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and humic acid. The fourth is a composite foliar fertilizer, which is a combination of the above types. Foliar fertilizer can effectively alleviate the symptoms of deficiency in the case of insufficient nutrient supply at the root of corn, which can improve corn growth and increase yield. However, it should be used reasonably on the basis of ensuring soil science fertilization to avoid the inversion of the original. Foliar fertilization should pay attention to the following problems: master the appropriate types of corn leaf fertilizer, master the appropriate concentration should not be too rich, master the choice of fertilization site spraying method and period, generally should be sprayed in the mouth of the big mouth, avoid high temperature afternoon afternoon Spray to achieve the desired result.
Five, the wrong watering
Farmers’ friends often do not care what period of time. In fact, it is not advisable to water before the jointing period, except for excessive drought. If the drought occurs at the booting stage and the filling stage, watering should be done as soon as possible, because the booting stage and the filling stage are the key periods for the corn to require water, and the drought has the greatest impact on the growth of the corn.
Sixth, the error of harvest time
It takes about 52 days for the corn to be pollinated and matured. When the ear white skin is just finished, the wax ripening stage needs about 10 days. This stage is the key period for the formation of 1000-grain weight of corn, and it also has an important impact on the quality of corn. The characteristic of perfection is the formation of black germ layer at the bottom of the grain. In this stage, the transformation of corn starch has been completed, the grain is full, the 1000-grain weight is the highest, and the yield is the highest. Comparative tests show that 10 days in the evening can increase production by more than 10%. It is recommended to harvest corn around September 30. When it rains in September, corn should be harvested at the right time after October 1.
The high yield of corn requires three elements: seed, fertilizer, and climate. Among the three factors, seeds account for 30%, fertilizers account for 40%, and climate accounts for 30%. Management measures are part of the fertilizer element, so be sure to pay attention.
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