The demand for the ladder price was over. The National Development and Reform Commission announced the results of the consultation on the website of the National Development and Reform Commission on October 23. Among the people who participated in the consultation, 61% of the people expressed their support, and 34.5% of the people expressed their opposition. As a result, the public was questioned.
According to the relevant departments, the purpose of setting up "step price" is to save energy and use price means to stop wasteful behavior. However, some opponents said that the ladder price is only "up the ladder", but there is no "down ladder". Such a scheme may force the price of electricity to "go up". Some opponents also said that the ladder price will be a "pseudo-international". Yesterday, around the topic of the ladder price, the reporter of the newspaper interviewed a number of energy experts to answer relevant questions.
Topic one
How can it become a "disguised price increase"?
Interpretation: Positive meaning is not
As part of the power reform and the electricity price formation mechanism, in the residential electricity charging system, the implementation of the ladder electricity price is not only a more common system in the world, but also an effective means to raise public awareness of energy conservation and encourage rational consumption of energy.
Tracing back to the source, people are no stranger to the word ladder price. As early as 2004, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province and Sichuan Province began to trial the ladder price, and according to some media reports, "the pilot situation is good." In addition, in the most anxious coal-fired power negotiations in 2008, relevant experts will also implement the residential ladder price as an important measure to alleviate the contradiction between coal and electricity. However, since then, due to various factors, the ladder price has once withdrawn from the public's view.
In this regard, Lin Boqiang believes that "in some respects, ordinary consumers may have misunderstood. In fact, the relevant state departments have been promoting the reform of residential electricity use."
At the same time, people's doubts about the ladder price have not slowed down. Although the National Development and Reform Commission recently stated that about 60% of the surveyed residents support the ladder price plan, when the post-holiday related program was just released, many network surveys showed that the majority of residents still worried that the ladder price may bring the cost of living. The rise in pressure.
“Resident users’ demand for energy is rigid. It is this rigidity that makes people more sensitive to price increases, especially the almost simultaneous increase in prices of related energy sources, plus the increase in basic living expenses. The people have rebelled against the price increase." Wu Zhonghu explained that the above-mentioned questioning, "Reform is the price increase, and there is indeed a logical reason."
However, Wu Zhonghu did not deny the positive significance of the reform. He believes that as part of the power reform and electricity price formation mechanism, the implementation of the ladder electricity price in the residential electricity charging system is not only a more common system in the world, but also an effective means to raise public awareness of energy conservation and encourage rational consumption of energy. .
Lin Boqiang said that this is a major breakthrough in China's price reform, because electricity prices have been similar to refined oil, with the constraints and manipulation of relevant mechanisms.
Cao Changqing, director of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at the earlier news briefing that "the implementation of the ladder price policy for residents' electricity use not only takes into account the affordability of residents of different income levels, but also guarantees that most residents' electricity prices are basically stable and can also make electricity prices. Gradually reflect reasonable power supply costs to promote resource conservation and environmental protection."
ã€Glossary】
“Stepped electricity priceâ€: The full name “stepped progressive electricity price†refers to setting the electricity consumption per household to several steps. The first step is the base power facility. The electricity in this step is less, and the electricity price per kilowatt hour is also lower. The second step is higher, the price is higher, the third step is more, and the price is higher. As the per capita consumption of electricity increases, the price per kilowatt hour increases step by step. Because this price of electricity caters to the low-income people's electricity requirements to maintain a minimum standard of living, it is also known as the "poor people's electricity price."
Topic 2
Whether to increase inflationary pressure
Interpretation: The overall impact is minimal
In terms of direct impact, in addition to increasing consumer spending, it is difficult to significantly affect the rise in vegetable prices and meat prices, so the impact on CPI is almost negligible.
In the opinion of experts, the stepped electricity price implemented by the National Development and Reform Commission will lead to a steady increase in the price of electricity used by residents. While this will increase the living expenses of ordinary consumers to a certain extent, whether it will aggravate the domestic inflationary pressure has become the focus of attention.
At present, with the continuous high prices of sugar, edible oil and gold, the inflation expectations in the domestic market have become stronger. At the same time, the macroeconomic data released by the National Bureau of Statistics recently showed that China's CPI rose by 3.6% year-on-year in September, hitting a new high in nearly 23 months, and broke the 3% red line for the third time this year.
Perhaps because of this, Ampang Consulting's recent analysis report pointed out that if the price of basic resources such as water, electricity and gas rises, it is likely to boost the self-realization of inflation expectations in the market. This will affect the recovery and stability of the domestic economy and the expansion of domestic demand. â€
In this regard, Lin Boqiang pointed out that the implementation of the ladder price can not say that there is no impact on the CPI at all, but the related negative impact is not as exaggerated as imagined, "because the relevant weights, the proportion of power consumption in the CPI is not high, And the proportion of residential electricity consumption in the overall power consumption is also very low."
Lin Boqiang also said, "The biggest negative effect may be to strengthen people's expectations for rising water prices, natural gas prices, etc., and then raise prices for related products in advance." In fact, analysts have speculated that the price of residential electricity is being promoted. After the reform, water prices and gas prices will be the targets of the next round of reforms, and these reforms will increase the burden on ordinary consumers to a certain extent.
Wu Zhonghu told reporters that the impact of the ladder price on CPI should be divided into two aspects. Directly, the implementation of the ladder price is difficult to significantly affect the increase in vegetable prices and meat prices, in addition to increasing consumer spending. The impact on CPI is almost negligible; from an indirect perspective, this will drive some kind of expectation in the market. For example, the homeowner may increase the rental price of the commercial store, and then the renter will pass the rising cost to Among the products that I sell, but similar to the direct impact, the overall impact is minimal. "But now no one can specifically predict how much the ladder price will have a impact on CPI." Wu Zhonghu said.
Zuo Xiaolei, chief economist of Galaxy Securities, said that the reform of the price mechanism will always pay a price. For example, the implementation of the ladder price will increase the price of commodity electricity to a certain extent. She also stressed that "if income growth exceeds CPI growth and the economic level rises above the price increase, then the impact of the ladder price is affordable."
Topic 3
Can we alleviate the contradiction of coal power
Interpretation: Need to push coal and electricity linkage
The ladder price will bring certain benefits to the power enterprises, but in China's electricity consumption pattern dominated by industrial electricity, this is not the key to solving the contradiction between coal and electricity.
There seems to be an irreconcilable contradiction between market coal and planned electricity. This not only caused the emergence of the "coal power top cattle" situation every year, but also made it difficult for power companies to lose winter losses. Yesterday, it was reported that the recent rise in coal prices has caused the five major power generation companies to break through the 50% loss, and the loss situation in the whole industry may reappear. The news also said that "the relevant department of the National Development and Reform Commission has convened five major power generation companies to discuss the issue of electricity price and power generation costs, and is planning to adjust the local electricity price at an appropriate time."
In this regard, analysts pointed out that due to the existence of factors such as the ladder price of electricity to the society, it is not realistic to raise the price of industrial electricity in a short period of time. However, will the ladder price that will be implemented be able to alleviate the contradiction of coal power in the past? Prior to this, relevant experts have used ladder price, subsidies, tax cuts, etc. as one of the means to guide the contradiction between coal and electricity.
In fact, it has been estimated that the residential ladder price plan will increase the electricity bill by about 10 billion yuan. If it is converted, the national electricity consumption will be about 2.8 cents per kilowatt hour. In accordance with the requirements of the “Draft for Commentâ€, the increase in revenue of power grid enterprises after the implementation of the ladder price is mainly used to make up for the increase in the cost of desulfurization, the renovation of household electric meters and the compensation for the fuel costs of power generation enterprises. "If you make up for the fuel cost increase of power generation companies can account for 1/3, at best, not more than 1 cent per kilowatt-hour, how can it make up for the losses of electricity companies?" According to this calculation, Wu Zhonghu issued such a question.
"So, on the whole, although the implementation of the ladder price may make up for some of the losses of the power companies. However, the pressure between coal and electricity is difficult to alleviate completely through the ladder price." Wu Zhonghu concluded, "The key to electricity price reform By establishing a long-term mechanism in line with market rules, the government and regulatory authorities can allow companies to adjust prices in a market environment as the fuel costs change, by establishing and monitoring the reasonable profit margins or cost changes of the electricity companies."
Lin Boqiang said bluntly that there is little relationship between the price of the ladder and the mitigation of coal-fired power. "It cannot be denied that the ladder price will bring certain benefits to the power enterprises. However, under the power consumption pattern of industrial electricity in China, this is not the key to solving the contradiction between coal and electricity." He said that only the coal-electricity room can be effectively promoted. The linkage can alleviate the contradiction between coal enterprises and power companies.
Topic 4
How to get rid of "pseudo-track"
Interpretation: Don't take things in Europe and America
China's absolute electricity price is not comparable to that of developed countries. “The electricity prices in developed countries include service costs, and developed countries have relatively mature electricity price compensation mechanisms. This is what China does not currently have.â€
Earlier, Cao Changqing, director of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, pointed out that the current electricity price did not have a basis for downward adjustment. In recent years, global coal and other energy prices have continued to rise. Between 2003 and 2009, industrial electricity prices in European countries rose by about 10% annually, and residential electricity prices rose by about 8% annually. In other countries, except for residents, electricity prices rose by 4% annually, but the electricity prices of residents in most areas have been Without adjustment, the relationship between the residential electricity price and the industrial electricity price is seriously out of tune. "This is inconsistent with the practice that the international electricity price is higher than the industrial electricity price, and is not commensurate with the current higher energy price."
"International practice" and "global energy general increase", in Cui Xinsheng's view, this time, like the previous price increase of refined oil, China is in line with international standards. "Don't move to compare with foreign countries." When it comes to the ladder price, Cui Xinxin said helplessly.
In Cui Xinsheng's view, China's absolute electricity price is currently not comparable to that of developed countries. "The electricity prices in developed countries include service costs, and developed countries have relatively mature electricity price compensation mechanisms. This is not currently available in China." Cui Xinsheng said above.
Sun Lijian is also holding similar views. He pointed out that comparing Chinese and foreign electricity prices, we cannot simply look at the difference in absolute electricity prices, depending on the relative electricity prices. The so-called relative electricity price refers to the proportion of electricity price to total revenue.
In addition, Sun Lijian also reminded that China's economic development model and development stage are different from those of developed countries in Europe and America. He analyzed that China's economic growth is mainly driven by investment. At this stage, the dependence of industrial development on resources is still relatively high. The economic growth in Europe and the United States mainly depends on consumption support. Correspondingly, it is also more able to withstand higher cost energy.
He told reporters that when many countries are in the middle stage of development, they often adopt factor price subsidies to help enterprises reduce costs and even regulate resource price increases.
"Without considering China's development stage, it is hoped that the price increase of water, electricity and coal will force the industrial transformation, which may lead to the capital that should have entered the real economy to the investment field, which will have a negative impact on economic development and urbanization." Sun Lijian said without fear.
In addition to the different stages of economic development, Sun Lijian also stressed that the current gap between China and Europe is greater than that of developed countries in Europe and America. He said: "China has a large number of low-income people. Their income has increased on average. The increase in resource consumption has a great impact on their quality of life. How to implement the ladder price must take into account the practical difficulties of low-income people. â€
The reporter learned that in developed countries, Japan, the government has specifically set a lower limit for the price of electricity. Residents whose electricity consumption is below the lower limit may not even pay the electricity bill. This policy is clearly biased towards the lowest level of residents.
Sun Lijian pays attention to low-income people, and Cui Xinsheng considers issues from the administrative level. He pointed out that in fact, international energy prices have not risen relative to inflation. The administrative cost of China's energy industry is much higher than that of developed countries. The problem of electricity prices always thinks that compared with foreign countries, the introduction of a ladder price system will only leave a greater gap in administrative centralization.
According to the relevant departments, the purpose of setting up "step price" is to save energy and use price means to stop wasteful behavior. However, some opponents said that the ladder price is only "up the ladder", but there is no "down ladder". Such a scheme may force the price of electricity to "go up". Some opponents also said that the ladder price will be a "pseudo-international". Yesterday, around the topic of the ladder price, the reporter of the newspaper interviewed a number of energy experts to answer relevant questions.
Topic one
How can it become a "disguised price increase"?
Interpretation: Positive meaning is not
As part of the power reform and the electricity price formation mechanism, in the residential electricity charging system, the implementation of the ladder electricity price is not only a more common system in the world, but also an effective means to raise public awareness of energy conservation and encourage rational consumption of energy.
Tracing back to the source, people are no stranger to the word ladder price. As early as 2004, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province and Sichuan Province began to trial the ladder price, and according to some media reports, "the pilot situation is good." In addition, in the most anxious coal-fired power negotiations in 2008, relevant experts will also implement the residential ladder price as an important measure to alleviate the contradiction between coal and electricity. However, since then, due to various factors, the ladder price has once withdrawn from the public's view.
In this regard, Lin Boqiang believes that "in some respects, ordinary consumers may have misunderstood. In fact, the relevant state departments have been promoting the reform of residential electricity use."
At the same time, people's doubts about the ladder price have not slowed down. Although the National Development and Reform Commission recently stated that about 60% of the surveyed residents support the ladder price plan, when the post-holiday related program was just released, many network surveys showed that the majority of residents still worried that the ladder price may bring the cost of living. The rise in pressure.
“Resident users’ demand for energy is rigid. It is this rigidity that makes people more sensitive to price increases, especially the almost simultaneous increase in prices of related energy sources, plus the increase in basic living expenses. The people have rebelled against the price increase." Wu Zhonghu explained that the above-mentioned questioning, "Reform is the price increase, and there is indeed a logical reason."
However, Wu Zhonghu did not deny the positive significance of the reform. He believes that as part of the power reform and electricity price formation mechanism, the implementation of the ladder electricity price in the residential electricity charging system is not only a more common system in the world, but also an effective means to raise public awareness of energy conservation and encourage rational consumption of energy. .
Lin Boqiang said that this is a major breakthrough in China's price reform, because electricity prices have been similar to refined oil, with the constraints and manipulation of relevant mechanisms.
Cao Changqing, director of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said at the earlier news briefing that "the implementation of the ladder price policy for residents' electricity use not only takes into account the affordability of residents of different income levels, but also guarantees that most residents' electricity prices are basically stable and can also make electricity prices. Gradually reflect reasonable power supply costs to promote resource conservation and environmental protection."
ã€Glossary】
“Stepped electricity priceâ€: The full name “stepped progressive electricity price†refers to setting the electricity consumption per household to several steps. The first step is the base power facility. The electricity in this step is less, and the electricity price per kilowatt hour is also lower. The second step is higher, the price is higher, the third step is more, and the price is higher. As the per capita consumption of electricity increases, the price per kilowatt hour increases step by step. Because this price of electricity caters to the low-income people's electricity requirements to maintain a minimum standard of living, it is also known as the "poor people's electricity price."
Topic 2
Whether to increase inflationary pressure
Interpretation: The overall impact is minimal
In terms of direct impact, in addition to increasing consumer spending, it is difficult to significantly affect the rise in vegetable prices and meat prices, so the impact on CPI is almost negligible.
In the opinion of experts, the stepped electricity price implemented by the National Development and Reform Commission will lead to a steady increase in the price of electricity used by residents. While this will increase the living expenses of ordinary consumers to a certain extent, whether it will aggravate the domestic inflationary pressure has become the focus of attention.
At present, with the continuous high prices of sugar, edible oil and gold, the inflation expectations in the domestic market have become stronger. At the same time, the macroeconomic data released by the National Bureau of Statistics recently showed that China's CPI rose by 3.6% year-on-year in September, hitting a new high in nearly 23 months, and broke the 3% red line for the third time this year.
Perhaps because of this, Ampang Consulting's recent analysis report pointed out that if the price of basic resources such as water, electricity and gas rises, it is likely to boost the self-realization of inflation expectations in the market. This will affect the recovery and stability of the domestic economy and the expansion of domestic demand. â€
In this regard, Lin Boqiang pointed out that the implementation of the ladder price can not say that there is no impact on the CPI at all, but the related negative impact is not as exaggerated as imagined, "because the relevant weights, the proportion of power consumption in the CPI is not high, And the proportion of residential electricity consumption in the overall power consumption is also very low."
Lin Boqiang also said, "The biggest negative effect may be to strengthen people's expectations for rising water prices, natural gas prices, etc., and then raise prices for related products in advance." In fact, analysts have speculated that the price of residential electricity is being promoted. After the reform, water prices and gas prices will be the targets of the next round of reforms, and these reforms will increase the burden on ordinary consumers to a certain extent.
Wu Zhonghu told reporters that the impact of the ladder price on CPI should be divided into two aspects. Directly, the implementation of the ladder price is difficult to significantly affect the increase in vegetable prices and meat prices, in addition to increasing consumer spending. The impact on CPI is almost negligible; from an indirect perspective, this will drive some kind of expectation in the market. For example, the homeowner may increase the rental price of the commercial store, and then the renter will pass the rising cost to Among the products that I sell, but similar to the direct impact, the overall impact is minimal. "But now no one can specifically predict how much the ladder price will have a impact on CPI." Wu Zhonghu said.
Zuo Xiaolei, chief economist of Galaxy Securities, said that the reform of the price mechanism will always pay a price. For example, the implementation of the ladder price will increase the price of commodity electricity to a certain extent. She also stressed that "if income growth exceeds CPI growth and the economic level rises above the price increase, then the impact of the ladder price is affordable."
Topic 3
Can we alleviate the contradiction of coal power
Interpretation: Need to push coal and electricity linkage
The ladder price will bring certain benefits to the power enterprises, but in China's electricity consumption pattern dominated by industrial electricity, this is not the key to solving the contradiction between coal and electricity.
There seems to be an irreconcilable contradiction between market coal and planned electricity. This not only caused the emergence of the "coal power top cattle" situation every year, but also made it difficult for power companies to lose winter losses. Yesterday, it was reported that the recent rise in coal prices has caused the five major power generation companies to break through the 50% loss, and the loss situation in the whole industry may reappear. The news also said that "the relevant department of the National Development and Reform Commission has convened five major power generation companies to discuss the issue of electricity price and power generation costs, and is planning to adjust the local electricity price at an appropriate time."
In this regard, analysts pointed out that due to the existence of factors such as the ladder price of electricity to the society, it is not realistic to raise the price of industrial electricity in a short period of time. However, will the ladder price that will be implemented be able to alleviate the contradiction of coal power in the past? Prior to this, relevant experts have used ladder price, subsidies, tax cuts, etc. as one of the means to guide the contradiction between coal and electricity.
In fact, it has been estimated that the residential ladder price plan will increase the electricity bill by about 10 billion yuan. If it is converted, the national electricity consumption will be about 2.8 cents per kilowatt hour. In accordance with the requirements of the “Draft for Commentâ€, the increase in revenue of power grid enterprises after the implementation of the ladder price is mainly used to make up for the increase in the cost of desulfurization, the renovation of household electric meters and the compensation for the fuel costs of power generation enterprises. "If you make up for the fuel cost increase of power generation companies can account for 1/3, at best, not more than 1 cent per kilowatt-hour, how can it make up for the losses of electricity companies?" According to this calculation, Wu Zhonghu issued such a question.
"So, on the whole, although the implementation of the ladder price may make up for some of the losses of the power companies. However, the pressure between coal and electricity is difficult to alleviate completely through the ladder price." Wu Zhonghu concluded, "The key to electricity price reform By establishing a long-term mechanism in line with market rules, the government and regulatory authorities can allow companies to adjust prices in a market environment as the fuel costs change, by establishing and monitoring the reasonable profit margins or cost changes of the electricity companies."
Lin Boqiang said bluntly that there is little relationship between the price of the ladder and the mitigation of coal-fired power. "It cannot be denied that the ladder price will bring certain benefits to the power enterprises. However, under the power consumption pattern of industrial electricity in China, this is not the key to solving the contradiction between coal and electricity." He said that only the coal-electricity room can be effectively promoted. The linkage can alleviate the contradiction between coal enterprises and power companies.
Topic 4
How to get rid of "pseudo-track"
Interpretation: Don't take things in Europe and America
China's absolute electricity price is not comparable to that of developed countries. “The electricity prices in developed countries include service costs, and developed countries have relatively mature electricity price compensation mechanisms. This is what China does not currently have.â€
Earlier, Cao Changqing, director of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, pointed out that the current electricity price did not have a basis for downward adjustment. In recent years, global coal and other energy prices have continued to rise. Between 2003 and 2009, industrial electricity prices in European countries rose by about 10% annually, and residential electricity prices rose by about 8% annually. In other countries, except for residents, electricity prices rose by 4% annually, but the electricity prices of residents in most areas have been Without adjustment, the relationship between the residential electricity price and the industrial electricity price is seriously out of tune. "This is inconsistent with the practice that the international electricity price is higher than the industrial electricity price, and is not commensurate with the current higher energy price."
"International practice" and "global energy general increase", in Cui Xinsheng's view, this time, like the previous price increase of refined oil, China is in line with international standards. "Don't move to compare with foreign countries." When it comes to the ladder price, Cui Xinxin said helplessly.
In Cui Xinsheng's view, China's absolute electricity price is currently not comparable to that of developed countries. "The electricity prices in developed countries include service costs, and developed countries have relatively mature electricity price compensation mechanisms. This is not currently available in China." Cui Xinsheng said above.
Sun Lijian is also holding similar views. He pointed out that comparing Chinese and foreign electricity prices, we cannot simply look at the difference in absolute electricity prices, depending on the relative electricity prices. The so-called relative electricity price refers to the proportion of electricity price to total revenue.
In addition, Sun Lijian also reminded that China's economic development model and development stage are different from those of developed countries in Europe and America. He analyzed that China's economic growth is mainly driven by investment. At this stage, the dependence of industrial development on resources is still relatively high. The economic growth in Europe and the United States mainly depends on consumption support. Correspondingly, it is also more able to withstand higher cost energy.
He told reporters that when many countries are in the middle stage of development, they often adopt factor price subsidies to help enterprises reduce costs and even regulate resource price increases.
"Without considering China's development stage, it is hoped that the price increase of water, electricity and coal will force the industrial transformation, which may lead to the capital that should have entered the real economy to the investment field, which will have a negative impact on economic development and urbanization." Sun Lijian said without fear.
In addition to the different stages of economic development, Sun Lijian also stressed that the current gap between China and Europe is greater than that of developed countries in Europe and America. He said: "China has a large number of low-income people. Their income has increased on average. The increase in resource consumption has a great impact on their quality of life. How to implement the ladder price must take into account the practical difficulties of low-income people. â€
The reporter learned that in developed countries, Japan, the government has specifically set a lower limit for the price of electricity. Residents whose electricity consumption is below the lower limit may not even pay the electricity bill. This policy is clearly biased towards the lowest level of residents.
Sun Lijian pays attention to low-income people, and Cui Xinsheng considers issues from the administrative level. He pointed out that in fact, international energy prices have not risen relative to inflation. The administrative cost of China's energy industry is much higher than that of developed countries. The problem of electricity prices always thinks that compared with foreign countries, the introduction of a ladder price system will only leave a greater gap in administrative centralization.
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