[China Aluminum Network] In recent decades, the world aluminum alloy is developing in the direction of high-performance aluminum alloy of new materials such as high strength and toughness, in order to meet the needs of aerospace and military industry and some special industrial sectors; at the same time develop a range of Civil aluminum alloys with various properties and functions that can meet different conditions and applications.
The research and development direction of new aluminum alloy materials is mainly applying the theory of micro-alloying, adopting electronic metallurgy technology, adjusting the content and proportion of alloying elements, adding high-efficiency trace elements, and renovating the existing series of 1×××～9×××. Thousands of traditional aluminum alloys make full use of their potential. On the other hand, they design and develop a number of new types of high strength, high toughness, high modulus, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, radiation resistance, and fire resistance. Explosion-proof, easy-cutting, easy-to-polish, surface-treatable, weldable and ultra-light aluminum alloy materials and extrusion products to meet the ever-evolving requirements of the defense industry, cutting-edge technology and high-speed development of the national economy.
An aluminum-lithium alloy (Al-Li).
The characteristics of aluminum-lithium alloys are low density, high elastic modulus and high strength. Mature now developed an aluminum - lithium alloy mainly Al-Li-Sc-Zr based, and Al-Li-Mg-Zr alloy, capable of replacing 7 ××× Ultra High Strength alloy are Al-Li-Cu-Mg- Zr-based alloys. More typical alloys are 2090 and 8091, etc. more than 20 kinds. The goal of the development is to achieve 7075-T6 strength and 7075-T73 corrosion resistance. Aluminum 1996 US application in a helicopter - lithium alloy has reached about 20 percent of body weight, after 2010, in a large passenger aircraft is expected to more than 20% of structural aluminum - lithium alloy production.
2. Aluminum-yttrium alloy (Al-Sc).
Tantalum is a rare earth metal element that has a low density and a high melting point, because it can significantly increase the recrystallization temperature and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys, thus attracting great attention. In recent years, Russia and Germany have made great progress in the research of Al-Sc alloys, and Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr and Al-Mg-Sc alloys have been developed. The former is characterized by high strength, good plasticity, fatigue properties and good welding performance. It is a new high-strength, high-toughness weldable aluminum alloy. Its application areas are also mainly aviation and aerospace, and can also be applied to high-speed ships and high-speed trains.
Three. Al-Be alloy (Al-Be).
A rare metal beryllium is also a high melting point, Al- (7.0 ~ 30)% Be- (3 ~ 8)% Mg alloy in a two-phase region are Al-Be-Mg ternary phase diagram, which is organized by the primary crystal of beryllium and Solid solution of Mg Al phase composition, the alloy has a very good overall performance. For example, Al-7.0%Be-3%Mg alloy has tensile strength of 650Mpa and elongation of more than 10%, which can be applied in the aviation industry. However, due to the complexity of the manufacturing process, its application is limited.
Four. Aluminum matrix composites.
The current development of aluminum-based composite materials mainly B / Al, BC / Al, SiC / Al, Al2O3 / Al and so on. Adding fiber can be divided into particles, whiskers, short fibers and long fibers, wherein the SiC / Al composite is more promising, since it does not require diffusion layer treated coated fibers, and low cost. Aluminum matrix composites are characterized by low density, high specific strength and specific rigidity, high specific elastic modulus, good electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, creep resistance and fatigue resistance. Made in the United States more than 10 meters long profiles and pipes have been used in a variety of spacecraft, and has become an important competitor for aluminum alloys and even aluminum-lithium alloys. In addition, aluminum-steel, aluminum-titanium and other laminated aluminum-based super high-strength composite materials have also been developed in recent years.
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