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The solar energy delivered to these electrodes allows the electrodes to produce hydrogen and oxygen from the water.
If solar energy becomes the main source of global electricity in the future, in the absence of sunlight we will need to store energy from the sun in a cheap way. A recent article published in the journal "Science" reported that significant progress has been made towards the system. Researchers have developed a device that can cheaply and efficiently convert sunlight's energy into hydrogen that can be used as a fuel and easy to store.
Michael Graetzel, head of the photonics and interface laboratory at the Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Switzerland, worked with colleagues in South Korea and Singapore to develop a method for generating hydrogen from water using electricity and catalytic materials. Oxygen equipment. This new type of "water separator" (people's name for this equipment) is highly efficient, with low cost, sufficient supply, and ease of production.
For decades, researchers have been searching for a solar water splitter, and although one or two parts of the device have shown excellent performance, people have not developed a complete practical system.
The new equipment is very compelling because it meets three of the four major standards for practical equipment: materials that are efficient, cost-effective, and sufficiently available for practical use (and are therefore widely available). The next standard needs to be met - reliability. This device uses a relatively high-pressure new type of solar cell to generate the required amount of electricity, while also using a new type of catalytic material based on nickel and iron on two poles (one to generate hydrogen and the other to generate oxygen).
The catalyst developed on the basis of the previous studies (shown as nickel hydroxide) is a promising catalyst, and the addition of iron can improve its performance. The researchers added iron to nickel hydroxide to form a layered structure. The catalyst was then placed on porous "foam" nickel to increase the range of reaction and thus speed it up.
Solar cells use a material called perovskite, which is cheap and easy to produce, and because its efficiency has been increasing at an astonishing rate over the past few years, it continues to inspire the research community (see "The solar energy is very cheap material" and "controllable catalysts make new solar materials practical and effective").
The solar water separator can store 12.3% of the energy in sunlight in the form of hydrogen. This may seem like a small amount, but considering that most solar cells can only convert 16% of sunlight's energy into electricity, it is not an extra step in converting this energy into easily stored hydrogen.
There is more work to be done before this device actually takes effect. First, the performance of solar cells will quickly decline after a few hours. Researchers cannot determine why perovskite materials are rapidly degrading, but they are constantly making progress -- such as adding a layer of carbon slag or improving the sealing of solar cells against these elements. Researchers recently demonstrated a perovskite solar cell that lasted more than a month.
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