The word "weld" in the dictionary is interpreted as follows: The metal workpieces are connected with molten metal, or the metal objects are repaired with molten metal. Welding is very easy to see in life. How much can you know about it? Welding requires the use of a welding rod. What should be selected for this electrode?
The welding rod is coated on the core by a uniform and centripetal coating (coating) outside the metal core. The core of the welding rod is the metal core of the welding rod. In order to ensure the quality and performance of the welding seam, there are strict rules for the content of various metal elements in the welding core, especially for the content of harmful impurities (such as sulfur, phosphorus, etc.). The limit is better than the parent material.
First, the general principle that the welding rod follows:
1, the principle of equivalence
Welding structures that work in special environments, such as corrosion resistance, high temperature, or low temperature, should be selected according to the same or similar principle of deposited metal and base metal in order to ensure performance.
2, the principle of equal conditions
Welding rods are selected according to the working conditions and characteristics of the workpiece or welding structure. For example, when welding a workpiece subjected to a dynamic load or an impact load, a basic electrode with a higher impact toughness of the deposited metal should be selected; when welding a general structure, an acid electrode can be used.
3, the principle of equal strength
The selection of carbon steel and some low-alloy steel electrodes is generally based on the principle of strength such as weld and base metal. However, attention should be paid to the following issues: general steel is graded according to the yield point (Q235), and carbon steel electrodes are The minimum value of the deposited metal is determined by the minimum tensile strength, so it cannot be confused. The electrode with the same tensile strength grade should be selected according to the tensile strength grade of the base metal.) For steels with lower strength levels, basically According to the principle of equal intensity. However, for workpieces with large welding rigidity and complex stress conditions, the welding seam plasticity should be considered when selecting the welding rod, and a welding rod with a lower tensile strength than the parent material can be used.
Second, the electrode selection according to:
1, welding structure characteristics and stress conditions
(1) For weldments that cannot be reversed under conditional restrictions, some welds are in non-flat welds and all-position welds should be used.
(2) For weldments that are difficult to clean in the welding area, strong acid oxides, which are insensitive to rust, scale, and oil, should be used.
(3) For the complex shape, large rigidity and large thickness of the weldment, due to the great stress during the welding process, it is easy to cause cracks in the weld seam, and a low hydrogen type electrode with good crack resistance should be used.
2, the use of welded components performance and working conditions
For the weldments subjected to load and impact loads, in addition to meeting the strength requirements, the weld metal must be guaranteed to have a high impact toughness and plasticity, and a low hydrogen type electrode with a high plasticity and toughness index may be selected. Corrosion of the contact with the corrosive medium should be based on the nature of the medium and corrosion characteristics of stainless steel electrodes or other corrosion-resistant electrodes. For welding parts operating at high temperature, low temperature, wear resistance or other special conditions, the corresponding heat-resistant steel, cryogenic steel, surfacing or other special purpose welding rods shall be used.
3, weld metal mechanical properties and chemical composition
(1) In the case where the rigidity of the welded structure is high, the joint stress is high, and the weld seam is prone to cracks, it may be considered to select a welding rod with a lower strength than the base metal.
(2) For alloy structural steels, the main alloy composition of the weld metal is usually required to be the same as or similar to the parent metal.
(3) For ordinary structural steels, the strength of the weld metal and the base metal is usually required, and electrodes with tensile strength equal to or slightly higher than the base metal should be used.
(4) When the contents of C and S, P, etc. in the base metal are high, the weld seam is prone to cracks, and a low hydrogen type electrode with good crack resistance should be used.
4, construction conditions and economic benefits
In the case of meeting the performance requirements of the product, an acid electrode with good process properties should be used. In narrow or poorly ventilated conditions, acid or low dust electrodes should be used. For structures with large welding workloads, high-efficiency electrodes such as iron powder electrodes, high-efficiency gravity electrodes, etc., or special electrodes such as down-side electrodes and down-side electrodes should be used as much as possible to improve the welding productivity.
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