The fruit has a high economic value. We have carried out research on its chemical composition and development and utilization, and have trial-produced a series of products. The fruit is mainly distributed in the Yunnan and Yangtze River basins. The country produces 20 million kilograms of fresh fruit, and the output of Yunnan Province ranks first, with an annual output of 5.573 million kilograms (see Tables 79 and 80). With an output value of about 10 million yuan, it is one of the fruits of Yunnan Province entering the international market and one of the important tree species of the main economic source of the alpine region. So how is the fruit plum with such high economic value planted? How to manage it?
Plum fruit is rich in nutrients and contains various organic acids, vitamins, flavonoids and alkaline minerals. Among them, eight kinds of amino acids and flavonoids, such as threonine, are highly beneficial to the normal formation of human protein and metabolic functions, and can prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is known as health food.
The fruit has few fresh foods and is mainly used for food processing. The processed products include dried plum (also known as dried green plum), plum, syrup, clear mouth plum, plum juice, plum sauce, dried plum, green plum, plum vinegar, plum wine and so on. Plum has many uses in medicine. For example, salty plum has the effect of relieving heat and preventing wind and cold. Umegan has the effects of treating lung heat and chronic cough, deficiency of heat and thirst, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, biliary tract mites, and cholecystitis. Plum flowers, leaves, roots, nucleoli, etc. can be used as medicine. Plum's wood is tough and heavy, and its color is beautiful. It is an excellent fine wood material. Mei's salted products are easy to store and transport, and should be developed in remote areas. It is one of the gateways for getting rid of poverty in old, small, border and poor areas.
Folding cultivation specifications
Mei likes warm climatic conditions. From the perspective of the temperature of cultivated areas in China, the average annual temperature can be cultivated in the area of ​​12~23 °C. If you are in the northern subtropical regions (such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, etc.), you should pay attention to choose a place where the early spring is warmer and the rain is less.
Plum is not strict with soil requirements. It can be planted in both plain and alkaline areas, regardless of the plains and mountains. However, the soil layer is deep, the soil is loose, and the drainage is good. The slopes with slopes below 30 °C are most suitable for cultivation. Generally, it should be chosen to face the south or east slope. Plum is particularly sensitive to industrial emissions. In particular, the hazard of fluoride has become a serious problem in the cultivation of plum. Therefore, when building a garden, you must choose a clean atmosphere and avoid pollution sources. Some varieties of fruit plum have self-infested phenomenon, although some varieties can be self-sufficient, but cross-pollination can significantly increase the seed setting rate and increase the yield, so it is necessary to configure pollination trees. The pollination tree configuration ratio should generally not be less than 3:1. Planting density should consider the characteristics of long life and large crown of plum, so it should not be too dense. The specific density should be determined according to the management level, variety characteristics, soil fertility and shaping methods. The average plant spacing is 4 meters × 4 meters or 4 meters × 5 meters, 41 plants or 33 plants are planted in acre. The row spacing of the thin layer of mountainous soil is 3.5 meters × 4 meters, and 47 plants are planted in acre.
Folding cultivation technique
Seedling breeding technology
(1) Seedlings are harvested from the middle of July to the beginning of August when the seeds are ripe, the pulp is minced, rinsed with water, and the plum meat is washed and dried in a ventilated room. It is stored in layers in clean river sand for use. Sowing from November to the beginning of January of the next year, before the sowing, use Sai Li San, or 10 å‘– 15 å» KM, O·Liquor or quicklime to disinfect the soil and kill underground pests. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked for 5 to 10 days, and then treated with 50% carbendazim 100 times solution and 50 å» methyl thiophanate solution. After the seeds are sowed, cover 1.5-2.0CM of fine soil, then pour water once and take a bow-shaped shed.
After the seeds are germinated, the temperature in the bed shed is controlled at about 20 °C, and water is poured twice a day in the spring and dry season. Before planting the seedlings, plant the soil first, and apply the base fertilizer (complex fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, manure fertilizer, etc.). When the seedling height is 5era, transplanting is carried out, and the row spacing is 5cm×20cm, and 52.5-600,000 plants per hectare. After transplanting, the root water is poured in time and a layer of farmyard manure is placed on the topsoil. After the seedlings survive, a rare dung water is poured, which is beneficial to the roots of the seedlings.
(2) Grafting and breeding can be carried out in July, August and September with grafting or l and February. Watering should be done in time after grafting to maintain soil moisture. Grafting from mid-July to the end of August, the film must be covered with a film to prevent rain from entering. 15 days before grafting, you can't spray all kinds of pesticides to avoid death after budding.
When the winter and spring are dry, it is necessary to fill the water in time, but the water cannot be immersed in the grafted IZl. In mid-February, when the grafted buds grow to 20crn for a long time, the anvil is cut (5 to 10 cm of rootstock from the upper part of the graft interface) to promote the growth of the buds. Generally. Qingming "unbundling before and after. After untied, it is necessary to fill the water, loosen the soil, weeding in time, but the soil can not be covered to the marrying interface, and a thick manure water is poured. After the buds are sprouted, the rootstocks under the buds should be wiped off in time. To promote the growth of buds.
2. Pest control: The common diseases of plums are blight and scab, which can be found by using 1.1 times 100 times Bordeaux mixture or spraying with 800 times of methyl thiophanate solution. Common pests are aphids and tigers, which can be killed by humans.
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