Every policy has a bitterness and joy, and every measure has its own conflicts. In the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", China's reform and opening up has also entered a crucial stage. To implement and implement the scientific concept of development, break through the various difficulties that constrain the development during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, and complete the various development tasks set forth in the 11th Five-Year Plan, we must further promote reform and opening up.
After the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", China's economic system reform has been pushed deeper. The reforms in key areas and key links have made breakthrough progress, and the level of open economy has been continuously improved. The tasks of deepening system reform and implementing the mutually beneficial and win-win opening strategy proposed by the “Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan†have been actively promoted.
New starting point, new breakthrough, and promoting the transformation of government functions
Perhaps people still remember that in 2008 there was a vocabulary that became a hot topic in all walks of life - "major system reform."
In 2008, in accordance with the requirements of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on accelerating the reform of the administrative management system and building a service-oriented government, the State Council organized the sixth reform since the reform and opening up. This reform, which is called “major system reform†by all walks of life, focuses on promoting scientific development, guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood, and taking important steps in strengthening institutional integration and exploring the large-scale system of organic integration of functions. .
From 1982 to 2003, the State Council's institutions carried out five reforms, the number of institutions was greatly reduced, and government functions gradually shifted from managing the planned economy to managing the market economy. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the transformation of government functions is still the focus and key to deepening reform. The Second Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee put forward the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Administrative Management System" and established the goal of establishing a relatively complete socialist administrative system with Chinese characteristics by 2020. Continue to promote the separation of government and enterprise, separation of government and capital, separation of government and government, separation of government and market intermediary organizations, government social management and public service functions have been significantly enhanced. The reform in 2008 adjusted the composition of the State Council from 28 to 27. Although the number has not changed much, it has far-reaching significance. The "major system reform" has been hailed as a new starting point and a new breakthrough for government reform.
After the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the transformation of government functions has been promoted in many aspects. The reform of the administrative examination and approval system has made positive progress. The fourth round of the State Council’s fourth round of administrative examination and approval matters has also cancelled and adjusted 188 examination and approval items. The "Regulations on the Openness of Government Information" was promulgated and implemented, the provisional provisions on the accountability of party and government leading cadres were issued, and the government information disclosure and administrative accountability system were further improved. The "Administrative Licensing Law" and the "Comprehensive Promotion of the Implementation of the Outline of the Administration" shall be implemented in an all-round way. The reform of the investment system continued to deepen. The regulations on enterprise investment project approval and filing management, government investment regulations, etc. were being researched and formulated, the approval system and the filing system were further improved and standardized, and the pilot scope of the government investment project “agent construction system†continued to expand.
Adjust structure, transfer mode, deepen institutional reform
At the beginning of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", reform and opening up have gone through more than 20 years, bringing China into an era of prosperity and development, and the socialist market economic system has also been initially established. However, the problems of unreasonable structure and extensive development mode in the development of economic and social development are not traced to the roots of the reform and the institutional mechanisms are not perfect. For China, which has just embarked on the path of scientific development, the task of advancing reform is even more arduous.
We continue to deepen the reform of the state-owned economy. We have no choice. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the principles, objectives and measures for the strategic adjustment of the state-owned economy were further clarified. The strategic adjustment of state-owned enterprises has been continuously strengthened. The central enterprises have been reorganized from the 169 adjustments in early 2006 to the current 123. The reform of monopoly industries and public utilities continued to deepen, the postal system realized the separation of government and enterprises, the telecommunications industry and the aviation industry were reorganized, the reform of the railway investment and financing system was actively promoted, and the municipal public utilities such as urban public transportation, water supply, gas, and sanitation generally introduced competition mechanisms. A diversified investment pattern has basically taken shape.
We will not waver in improving the environment for the development of the non-public economy. While consolidating and developing the public-owned economy, these five years have unswervingly encouraged, supported and guided the development of the non-public economy, and further encouraged and guided private investment. Following the release of the “Non-Public Economy 36†document of the central government document promoting the development of the non-public economy in 2005, the relevant departments issued nearly 40 aspects in terms of market access, fiscal and taxation finance, government supervision and services, and creating a public opinion environment. Supporting documents. In 2009 and 2010, the State Council issued several "Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of SMEs" and "Several Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding the Healthy Development of Private Investment." The latter was called “36 new non-public economies†by the people, which further broadened the scope and scope of private investment and effectively improved the development environment of the non-public economy and small and medium-sized enterprises.
We will improve the macro-control system and establish a more complete market system.
In 2010, the resource tax reform that was discussed for many years took the lead in “breaking the ice†in Xinjiang. Seeing that this move has positive significance for Xinjiang's development, all sectors of society have read the importance of this reform to improve the price formation mechanism of resource products and better guide economic restructuring. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, fiscal, taxation, and financial system reforms have introduced many similar measures: 24 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have launched pilot reforms of the “provincial direct management county†financial management system, 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). The reform of the financial management mode of “township and county management†is being gradually introduced; the new enterprise income tax law and its implementation regulations are fully implemented, and the income tax of domestic and foreign enterprises is unified; the reform of value-added tax reform is fully promoted on a pilot basis; personal income tax, consumption tax The reforms have taken substantial steps; the footsteps of reforms such as environmental taxes and real estate taxes have become more and more loud; the share-trading reform of listed companies has basically been completed; the benchmark interest rate system of the money market has taken initial shape, and the formation mechanism of the RMB exchange rate has been continuously improved.
The results of the construction of the modern market system are equally remarkable. The land system has been continuously improved, and the bidding, auction and listing system for industrial land has been implemented. The important laws such as the Labor Contract Law were promulgated and implemented, and the three-year action plan for the labor contract system was implemented steadily. The reform of resource product prices was steadily promoted, and the reform of refined oil prices and fuel taxes and fees was comprehensively implemented. The coal-electricity price linkage mechanism was implemented, and a series of electricity price policies, such as differential electricity prices and renewable energy price increases, which are conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction were formulated.
Coordinating urban and rural areas, solving problems, comprehensive supporting reforms
Perhaps people still remember that in the first year of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, urban and rural residents each received a “big red envelopeâ€: the Chinese stock market ushered in a very bullish bull market; the abolition of agricultural taxes completely ended more than 2,600 years of farmer farming. The history of paying "the royal grain national tax". Inheriting this good beginning, the rural reforms in the past five years have continued to deepen. In addition to the abolition of agricultural taxes and fees such as agricultural taxes and special agricultural products taxes, it also promoted comprehensive rural reforms with the main contents of township institutions, rural compulsory education and county and township financial management system reform. Breakthrough progress has been made in the reform of the grain purchase and sale system, and the reform of the collective forest rights system has been comprehensively promoted. The Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Promoting Some Major Issues in Rural Reform and Development", laying a solid policy foundation for accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside and vigorously promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
Coordinating urban and rural development and breaking the urban-rural dual structure is a major institutional task with overall significance and a complex systematic project. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, this reform has evolved from individual military advancement to comprehensive supporting reform and coordinated development. In the past five years, the national comprehensive supporting reform pilot has been continuously promoted. The State Council has approved the establishment of eight national comprehensive reform pilot zones. In the east, there are Shanghai Pudong New Area, Tianjin Binhai New Area and Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which are mainly aimed at accelerating development and opening up and taking the lead in improving the socialist market. The economic system is undergoing comprehensive reform and exploration; in the central part, there are Wuhan City Circle and Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan urban agglomerations, and reform experiments with resource-saving and environmentally-friendly society as the main content are carried out; Chengdu and Chongqing are in the west to coordinate urban and rural development. The comprehensive reform of the theme; the Shenyang Economic Zone in the northeast region, focusing on new industrialization and urbanization roads. At present, it has initially formed a comprehensive supporting reform test pattern of East-West interaction and multi-level advancement.
Into the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", reform will still be the fundamental measure to break the institutional and structural contradictions in economic and social development. The road of China's reform and opening up will continue to be far-reaching.
After the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", China's economic system reform has been pushed deeper. The reforms in key areas and key links have made breakthrough progress, and the level of open economy has been continuously improved. The tasks of deepening system reform and implementing the mutually beneficial and win-win opening strategy proposed by the “Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan†have been actively promoted.
New starting point, new breakthrough, and promoting the transformation of government functions
Perhaps people still remember that in 2008 there was a vocabulary that became a hot topic in all walks of life - "major system reform."
In 2008, in accordance with the requirements of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on accelerating the reform of the administrative management system and building a service-oriented government, the State Council organized the sixth reform since the reform and opening up. This reform, which is called “major system reform†by all walks of life, focuses on promoting scientific development, guaranteeing and improving people's livelihood, and taking important steps in strengthening institutional integration and exploring the large-scale system of organic integration of functions. .
From 1982 to 2003, the State Council's institutions carried out five reforms, the number of institutions was greatly reduced, and government functions gradually shifted from managing the planned economy to managing the market economy. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the transformation of government functions is still the focus and key to deepening reform. The Second Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee put forward the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Administrative Management System" and established the goal of establishing a relatively complete socialist administrative system with Chinese characteristics by 2020. Continue to promote the separation of government and enterprise, separation of government and capital, separation of government and government, separation of government and market intermediary organizations, government social management and public service functions have been significantly enhanced. The reform in 2008 adjusted the composition of the State Council from 28 to 27. Although the number has not changed much, it has far-reaching significance. The "major system reform" has been hailed as a new starting point and a new breakthrough for government reform.
After the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", the transformation of government functions has been promoted in many aspects. The reform of the administrative examination and approval system has made positive progress. The fourth round of the State Council’s fourth round of administrative examination and approval matters has also cancelled and adjusted 188 examination and approval items. The "Regulations on the Openness of Government Information" was promulgated and implemented, the provisional provisions on the accountability of party and government leading cadres were issued, and the government information disclosure and administrative accountability system were further improved. The "Administrative Licensing Law" and the "Comprehensive Promotion of the Implementation of the Outline of the Administration" shall be implemented in an all-round way. The reform of the investment system continued to deepen. The regulations on enterprise investment project approval and filing management, government investment regulations, etc. were being researched and formulated, the approval system and the filing system were further improved and standardized, and the pilot scope of the government investment project “agent construction system†continued to expand.
Adjust structure, transfer mode, deepen institutional reform
At the beginning of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", reform and opening up have gone through more than 20 years, bringing China into an era of prosperity and development, and the socialist market economic system has also been initially established. However, the problems of unreasonable structure and extensive development mode in the development of economic and social development are not traced to the roots of the reform and the institutional mechanisms are not perfect. For China, which has just embarked on the path of scientific development, the task of advancing reform is even more arduous.
We continue to deepen the reform of the state-owned economy. We have no choice. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the principles, objectives and measures for the strategic adjustment of the state-owned economy were further clarified. The strategic adjustment of state-owned enterprises has been continuously strengthened. The central enterprises have been reorganized from the 169 adjustments in early 2006 to the current 123. The reform of monopoly industries and public utilities continued to deepen, the postal system realized the separation of government and enterprises, the telecommunications industry and the aviation industry were reorganized, the reform of the railway investment and financing system was actively promoted, and the municipal public utilities such as urban public transportation, water supply, gas, and sanitation generally introduced competition mechanisms. A diversified investment pattern has basically taken shape.
We will not waver in improving the environment for the development of the non-public economy. While consolidating and developing the public-owned economy, these five years have unswervingly encouraged, supported and guided the development of the non-public economy, and further encouraged and guided private investment. Following the release of the “Non-Public Economy 36†document of the central government document promoting the development of the non-public economy in 2005, the relevant departments issued nearly 40 aspects in terms of market access, fiscal and taxation finance, government supervision and services, and creating a public opinion environment. Supporting documents. In 2009 and 2010, the State Council issued several "Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of SMEs" and "Several Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding the Healthy Development of Private Investment." The latter was called “36 new non-public economies†by the people, which further broadened the scope and scope of private investment and effectively improved the development environment of the non-public economy and small and medium-sized enterprises.
We will improve the macro-control system and establish a more complete market system.
In 2010, the resource tax reform that was discussed for many years took the lead in “breaking the ice†in Xinjiang. Seeing that this move has positive significance for Xinjiang's development, all sectors of society have read the importance of this reform to improve the price formation mechanism of resource products and better guide economic restructuring. During the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period, fiscal, taxation, and financial system reforms have introduced many similar measures: 24 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have launched pilot reforms of the “provincial direct management county†financial management system, 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). The reform of the financial management mode of “township and county management†is being gradually introduced; the new enterprise income tax law and its implementation regulations are fully implemented, and the income tax of domestic and foreign enterprises is unified; the reform of value-added tax reform is fully promoted on a pilot basis; personal income tax, consumption tax The reforms have taken substantial steps; the footsteps of reforms such as environmental taxes and real estate taxes have become more and more loud; the share-trading reform of listed companies has basically been completed; the benchmark interest rate system of the money market has taken initial shape, and the formation mechanism of the RMB exchange rate has been continuously improved.
The results of the construction of the modern market system are equally remarkable. The land system has been continuously improved, and the bidding, auction and listing system for industrial land has been implemented. The important laws such as the Labor Contract Law were promulgated and implemented, and the three-year action plan for the labor contract system was implemented steadily. The reform of resource product prices was steadily promoted, and the reform of refined oil prices and fuel taxes and fees was comprehensively implemented. The coal-electricity price linkage mechanism was implemented, and a series of electricity price policies, such as differential electricity prices and renewable energy price increases, which are conducive to energy conservation and emission reduction were formulated.
Coordinating urban and rural areas, solving problems, comprehensive supporting reforms
Perhaps people still remember that in the first year of the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, urban and rural residents each received a “big red envelopeâ€: the Chinese stock market ushered in a very bullish bull market; the abolition of agricultural taxes completely ended more than 2,600 years of farmer farming. The history of paying "the royal grain national tax". Inheriting this good beginning, the rural reforms in the past five years have continued to deepen. In addition to the abolition of agricultural taxes and fees such as agricultural taxes and special agricultural products taxes, it also promoted comprehensive rural reforms with the main contents of township institutions, rural compulsory education and county and township financial management system reform. Breakthrough progress has been made in the reform of the grain purchase and sale system, and the reform of the collective forest rights system has been comprehensively promoted. The Third Plenary Session of the 17th CPC Central Committee adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Promoting Some Major Issues in Rural Reform and Development", laying a solid policy foundation for accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside and vigorously promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
Coordinating urban and rural development and breaking the urban-rural dual structure is a major institutional task with overall significance and a complex systematic project. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, this reform has evolved from individual military advancement to comprehensive supporting reform and coordinated development. In the past five years, the national comprehensive supporting reform pilot has been continuously promoted. The State Council has approved the establishment of eight national comprehensive reform pilot zones. In the east, there are Shanghai Pudong New Area, Tianjin Binhai New Area and Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which are mainly aimed at accelerating development and opening up and taking the lead in improving the socialist market. The economic system is undergoing comprehensive reform and exploration; in the central part, there are Wuhan City Circle and Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan urban agglomerations, and reform experiments with resource-saving and environmentally-friendly society as the main content are carried out; Chengdu and Chongqing are in the west to coordinate urban and rural development. The comprehensive reform of the theme; the Shenyang Economic Zone in the northeast region, focusing on new industrialization and urbanization roads. At present, it has initially formed a comprehensive supporting reform test pattern of East-West interaction and multi-level advancement.
Into the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", reform will still be the fundamental measure to break the institutional and structural contradictions in economic and social development. The road of China's reform and opening up will continue to be far-reaching.
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