[Occupational Safety Knowledge] Hazards to Human Organs and Systems from High Temperature Environments

In hot summer days, the hot sun is undoubtedly one of the main causes of heat stroke in the outdoor jobs. In addition to the common heat stroke, there are a series of injuries to the human body in the high-temperature environment. How to prevent and protect yourself is the basic skills necessary for all workers who work in a high-temperature environment.

First, the impact of high temperature operations on human health

The production work conducted under high temperature or in poor weather conditions with high humidity or heat radiation is commonly referred to as high temperature operation. High-temperature operation can be divided into three basic types according to the characteristics of its meteorological conditions:

1 High-temperature radiation work: In this type of work environment, there are two different types of heat, namely convection heat ( heated air ) and radiant heat ( heat source and secondary heat source ) . When people work in this environment, they sweat a lot, such as poor ventilation, sweat is difficult to evaporate, and heat accumulation and overheating may occur due to difficulty in evaporative heat dissipation ;

2 High-temperature and high-humidity operation: Its meteorological features are high temperature and humidity, but little radiation intensity. People work in this environment. Even though the temperature is not very high, evaporation and heat dissipation are more difficult. Therefore, sweating does not play an effective role in heat dissipation. This can lead to heat accumulation in the body or imbalance of water and electrolytes, resulting in heat stroke .

3 open-air operations in summer: Its meteorological features are the main source of high temperature and thermal radiation is solar radiation. Although the heat radiation intensity in the open air operation is higher, the warm workshop is low, but the duration of the action is longer, and the head is often exposed to direct sunlight, and the temperature rises before and after noon, at this time, if the labor intensity is too high, the human body is extremely easy. Heat stroke due to excessive heat storage.

High temperatures can cause workers to feel uncomfortable, such as heat, dizziness, palpitation, upset, thirst, weakness, tiredness, etc., and a series of physiological changes can occur.

The main performances are:

Temperature regulation disorders , due to body heat storage, body temperature rise ; a large number of water and salt loss, can cause water and salt metabolism balance disorder, leading to body acid-base balance and osmotic pressure disorders;

Heart rate pulse , heart rate disorder, skin vasodilatation and vascular tone increase, blood pressure changes ; gastrointestinal anemia, saliva, gastric secretion, gastric acidity decreased, starch activity decreased, gastrointestinal motility slowed, causing indigestion and other gastrointestinal The disease increases ; when the water and salt supply is insufficient, urine can be concentrated to increase the burden on the kidney. Sometimes, renal insufficiency can be seen, and protein, red blood cells, etc. appear in the urine;

The nervous system may suffer from central nervous system depression , the ability to work with attention and muscles, the accuracy and coordination of movements, and the reduction of reaction speed. Severe muscle spasm may occur with contraction pain.

When the central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders due to heat balance and water and salt metabolism disorders develop to a certain extent, it causes the occurrence of heat stroke. According to different clinical conditions, it can be diagnosed as a sign of heat stroke, mild heat stroke, and severe heat stroke. Severe heat stroke can be divided into three types: heat stroke, heat phlegm and heat failure, and mixed types can also occur.

Second, the impact of chemicals on the human body in high temperature environment

We know that chemical substances enter the body mainly through the respiratory tract, skin and digestive tract. From the human physiological point of view, changes in the ambient temperature can affect the balance of neurohormones. Especially in the hot environment, changes in the secretion of some active substances in the human body can lead to changes in the toxicity of some chemicals entering the body ; from the perspective of human body excretion of chemical substances, chemical substances and their metabolites are mainly excreted through the urine. In vitro, people's urine output is greatly reduced under high temperature conditions, resulting in the prolonged storage of chemical substances in the human body. Concentration of urine and changes in the pH of urine also affect the efficiency of the removal of chemical substances by the kidneys.

When there are many kinds of harmful chemicals in the work environment, for some chemical substances, several kinds of toxic chemicals that are present in the human body have a combined effect due to high temperature, which is shown to be more toxic than when they are separately accepted. To be big. Therefore, in general, chemical substances increase with the increase of the ambient temperature, their toxic effects increase, and they also cause greater harm to the human body.

Third, preventive measures

In order to effectively reduce the impact of high temperatures on the human body, we can take targeted measures: on the one hand to cool down, on the other hand to exclude harmful substances in the air ; work arrangements should be properly adjusted to work schedules, increase the frequency of rest in the work class, reduce Labor intensity ; personal protection should take corresponding measures according to different thermal environments, wear protective articles, on the whole to avoid excessive skin exposure, often clean the skin, and take a small, multiple methods to supplement water and inorganic salts, Improve heat resistance. Through these comprehensive measures, the occurrence of heat stroke is reduced and the impact of chemical substances on the human body is reduced.

This article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and invaded by China Rescue Equipment Network.